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227's YouTube "Chili"-Major Chili' League Baseball From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "MLB" redirects here. For other uses, see MLB (disambiguation). Major League Baseball Current season or competition: 2008 Major League Baseball season Sport Baseball Founded 1876 Commissioner Bud Selig[1] No. of teams 30[2] Country(ies) United States Canada Most recent champion(s) Philadelphia Phillies Most championships New York Yankees (26)[3] TV partner(s) FOX, ESPN, and TBS Official website MLB.com Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in North American professional baseball. It is composed of 30 teams - 29 in the United States and one in Canada. More specifically, Major League Baseball refers to the organization that operates the National League and the American League, by means of a joint organizational structure that has existed between them since 1903. Each season consists of 162 games, which generally begins on the first Sunday in April and ends on the first Sunday in October, with the playoffs played in October and sometimes in early November. The same rules and regulations are played between the two leagues with one exception: the American League operates under the Designated Hitter Rule, while the National League does not. Utilization of the DH Rule in Interleague play, the All-Star and World Series games are determined by the home team's league rules. In 2000, two leagues were officially disbanded as separate legal entities with all rights and functions consolidated in the commissioner's office.[4] MLB effectively operates as a single league and as such it constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of North America.
MLB is controlled by the Major League Baseball Constitution that has undergone several incarnations since 1876 with the most recent revisions being made in 2005. Under the direction of Commissioner of Baseball (currently Bud Selig), Major League Baseball hires and maintains the sport's umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, and television contracts. As is the case for most of the sports leagues in the United States and Canada, the "closed shop" aspect of MLB effectively prevents the yearly promotion and relegation of teams into and out of the Major League by virtue of their performance. Private enterprises is mostly funded by Major league Baseball, but also partially funded directly by public taxes. Major League Baseball maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of minor league baseball. This is due in large part to a 1922 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Federal Baseball Club v. National League, which held that baseball is not interstate commerce and therefore not subject to federal antitrust law. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years.[5][6] The production/multimedia wing of MLB is New York-based MLB Advanced Media, which oversees MLB.com and all 30 of the individual teams' websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the League itself, but it is indeed under the same ownership group and revenue-sharing plan. MLB Productions is a similarly-structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media. Contents [hide] 1 League organization 2 History of Major League Baseball 2.1 Rise of Major League Baseball 2.2 Dead ball era 2.3 Major leagues move west 2.4 Pitching dominance and rules changes 2.5 Power Age 3 Major League Baseball uniforms 4 Season Structure 4.1 Spring Training 4.2 All-Star Game 4.3 Post-season 5 MLB steroid policy 6 Major League Baseball ethnic demographics 7 Major League Baseball in media 7.1 Blackout policy 7.2 Major League Baseball on television 7.3 International broadcasting 8 Current Major League franchises 9 Major League Baseball Charities 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links [edit] League organization Major League Baseball is divided into two leagues, the American League, with fourteen teams, and the National League, with sixteen teams. Each league is further subdivided into three divisions, labeled East, Central, and West. The uneven balance of teams prevents the need for interleague games (which two fifteen team leagues would have), except for certain designated times of the year. Though historically separate leagues, distinction has all but disappeared over time. In 1903, the two leagues began to meet in an end-of-year championship series called the World Series. In 1920, the formerly weak National Commission, which was created to manage relationships between the two leagues, was replaced with an all powerful Commissioner of Baseball, who had the power to make decisions for all professional baseball unilaterally. The two leagues remained distinct, in as far as playing schedule, except for the annual All-Star Game and the World Series, until 1997 when regular season Interleague play began. In 2000, the American and National Leagues were dissolved as legal entities, and Major League Baseball became a singular league de jure, though it had operated as a de facto single entity for many years. [edit] History of Major League Baseball Main article: History of baseball in the United States [edit] Rise of Major League Baseball In 1870, a schism developed between professional and amateur ballplayers. The NABBP split into two groups. The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was formed in 1871.[7] It is considered by some to have been the first major league. Its amateur counterpart disappeared after only a few years. The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs, which still exists, was established in 1876 after the National Association proved ineffective. The emphasis was now on "clubs" rather than "players". Clubs now had the ability to enforce player contracts, preventing players from jumping to higher-paying clubs. Clubs in turn were required to play their full schedule of games, rather than forfeiting scheduled games once out of the running for the league championship, as happened frequently under the National Association. A concerted effort was made to reduce the amount of gambling on games which was leaving the validity of results in doubt. The early years of the National League were tumultuous, with threats from rival leagues and a rebellion by players against the hated "reserve clause", which restricted the free movement of players between clubs. Competitive leagues formed regularly, and also disbanded regularly. The most successful was the American Association (1881–1891), sometimes called the "beer and whiskey league" for its tolerance of the sale of alcoholic beverages to spectators. For several years, the National League and American Association champions met in a postseason championship series—the first attempt at a World Series. The Union Association survived for only one season (1884), as did the Players League (1890).[8][9] Both leagues are considered major leagues by many baseball researchers because of the perceived high caliber of play (for a brief time anyway) and the number of star players featured. However, some researchers have disputed the major league status of the Union Association, pointing out that franchises came and went and contending that the St. Louis club, which was deliberately "stacked" by the league's president (who owned that club), was the only club that was anywhere close to major league caliber.[10] National League Baltimore Orioles, 1896In fact, there were dozens of leagues, large and small, at this time. What made the National League "major" was its dominant position in the major cities, particularly New York City, the edgy, emotional nerve center of baseball. The large cities offered baseball teams national media distribution systems and fan bases that could generate revenues enabling teams to hire the best players in the country. The resulting bidding war for players led to widespread contract-breaking and legal disputes. One of the most famous involved star second baseman Napoleon Lajoie, who in 1901 went across town in Philadelphia from the National League Phillies to the American League Athletics. Barred by a court injunction from playing baseball in the state of Pennsylvania the next year, Lajoie was traded to the Cleveland team, where he played and managed for many years.[11] The war between the American and National caused shock waves throughout the baseball world. At a meeting at the Leland Hotel in Chicago in 1901, the other baseball leagues negotiated a plan to maintain their independence. On September 5, 1901 Patrick T. Powers, president of the Eastern League announced the formation of the second National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, the NABPL or "NA" for short.[12] Ban Johnson had other designs for the NA. While the NA continues to this day, he saw it as a tool to end threats from smaller rivals who might some day want to expand in other territories and threaten his league's dominance. After 1902 both leagues and the NABPL signed a new National Agreement. The new agreement tied independent contracts to the reserve-clause national league contracts. Baseball players were a commodity, like cars. $5,000 bought your arm or your bat, and if you didn't like it, find someplace that would hire you. It set up a rough classification system for independent leagues that regulated the dollar value of contracts, the forerunner of the system refined by Rickey and used today.[13] It also gave the NA great power. Many independents walked away from the 1901 meeting. The deal with the NA punished those other
indies who had not joined the NA and submitted to the will of the 'majors.' The NA also agreed to the deal to prevent more pilfering of players with little or no compensation for the players' development. Several leagues, seeing the writing on the wall, eventually joined the NA, which grew in size over the next several years. [edit] Dead ball era Cy Young, 1911 baseball cardMain article: Dead ball era At this time the games tended to be low scoring, dominated by such pitchers as Walter Johnson, Cy Young, Christy Mathewson, and Grover Cleveland Alexander to the extent that the period 1900–1919 is commonly called the "dead ball era". The term also accurately describes the condition of the baseball itself. Baseballs cost three dollars apiece, a hefty sum at the time, equaling approximately 65 inflation adjusted US dollars as of 2005; club owners were therefore reluctant to spend much money on new balls if not necessary. It was not unusual for a single baseball to last an entire game. By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat. Balls were only replaced if they were hit into the crowd and lost, and many clubs employed security guards expressly for the purpose of retrieving balls hit into the stands—a practice unthinkable today. As a consequence, home runs were rare, and the "inside game" dominated—singles, bunts, stolen bases, the hit-and-run play, and other tactics dominated the strategies of the time.[14] Hitting methods like the Baltimore Chop were put into use to increase the number of infield singles.[15] The foul strike rule was a major rule change that, in just a few years, sent baseball from a high-scoring game to one where scoring any runs became a struggle. Prior to this rule, foul balls were not counted as strikes: thus a batter could foul off a countless number of pitches with no strikes counted against him. This gave an enormous advantage to the batter. In 1901, the National League adopted the foul strike rule, and the American League followed suit in 1903. [edit] Major leagues move west Dodger Stadium in 2007Walter O'Malley is considered by baseball experts to be "perhaps the most influential owner of baseball's early expansion era."[16] Following the 1957 Major League Baseball season, he moved the Dodgers to Los Angeles, and New York's Dodgers fans felt betrayed.[17] O'Malley was also influential in getting the rival New York Giants to move west to become the San Francisco Giants. He needed another team to go with him, for had he moved out west alone, the St. Louis Cardinals—1,600 mi (2,575.0 km) away—[18][19] would have been the closest National League team. The joint move would make West Coast road trips more economical for visiting teams.[20] O'Malley invited San Francisco Mayor George Christopher to New York to meet with Giants owner Horace Stoneham.[20] Stoneham was considering moving the Giants to Minnesota,[21] but he was convinced to join O'Malley on the West Coast at the end of the 1957 campaign. Since the meetings occurred during the 1957 season and against the wishes of Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick, there was media gamesmanship.[22] When O'Malley moved the Dodgers from Brooklyn the story transcended the world of sport and he found himself on the cover of Time.[23] The cover art for the issue was created by sports cartoonist Willard Mullin,[24] long noted for his caricature of the "Brooklyn Bum" that personified the team. The dual moves broke the hearts of New York's National League fans but ultimately were successful for both franchises – and for Major League Baseball as a whole.[17] In fact, the move was an immediate success as well since the Dodgers set a major league single-game attendance record in their first home appearance with 78,672 fans.[20] In the years following the move of the New York clubs, Major League Baseball expanded to include three other California based teams, as well as two in Texas and one each in Minnesota, Seattle, Colorado, and Arizona. In addition, the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City, Missouri and eventually to Oakland, California. [edit] Pitching dominance and rules changes Graph showing the yearly number of runs per MLB gameBy the late 1960s, the balance between pitching and hitting had swung in favor of the pitchers. In 1968 Carl Yastrzemski won the American League batting title with an average of just .301, the lowest in history.[25] That same year, Detroit Tigers pitcher Denny McLain won 31 games — making him the first pitcher to win 30 games in a season since Dizzy Dean.[26] St. Louis Cardinals starting pitcher Bob Gibson
achieved an equally remarkable feat by allowing an ERA of just 1.12.[27] In 1973 the American League, which had been suffering from much lower attendance than the National League, made a move to increase scoring even further by initiating the designated hitter rule.[28] [edit] Power Age Routinely in the early 2000s, baseball players reach 40 and 50 home runs in a season, a feat that was considered rare even in the 1980s. Many modern baseball theorists believe that the need of pitchers to combat the rise in power could lead to a pitching revolution at some point in the future. New pitches, such as the infamous gyroball, could swing the balance of power back to the defensive side. However, the gyroball is still something of a phantom pitch--the only pitchers allegedly able to throw it are Daisuke Matsuzaka of the Boston Red Sox and a college pitcher named Joey Niezer. However, during the 2006 World Baseball Classic, Matsuzaka admitted that though he has tried to throw the gyroball, he cannot do so on a consistent basis.[29] A pitching revolution would not be unprecedented--several pitches have changed the game of baseball in the past, including the slider in the 50's and 60's and the split-fingered fastball in the 70's to 90's. Since the 1990s, the changeup has made a resurgence, being thrown masterfully by pitchers such as Trevor Hoffman, Greg Maddux, Cole Hamels, and Johan Santana.[30][31][32][33] [edit] Major League Baseball uniforms Main article: Baseball uniform A baseball uniform is a type of uniform worn by baseball players, and sometimes by non-playing personnel, such as managers and coaches. It is worn to indicate the person's role in the game and, through use of logos and colors, to identify the two teams and officials.[34] The New York Knickerbockers were the first baseball team to use uniforms, taking the field on April 4, 1849 in pants made of blue wool, white flannel shirts and straw hats.[35][36][37][35][38] The practice of wearing a uniform soon spread, and by 1900, all Major League teams had adopted them. By 1882, most uniforms included stockings, which covered the leg, from foot to knee and had different colors that reflected the different baseball positions.[39] In the late 1880s, the Detroit Wolverines and Washington Nationals of the National League and the Brooklyn Bridegrooms of the American Association were the first to utilise striped uniforms.[40][35] A baseball team and their uniforms in the 1870s.Caps, or other types of headgear with eyeshades, have been a part of baseball uniforms from the beginning.[41][42] Baseball teams often wore full-brimmed straw hats or no cap at all since there was no official rule regarding headgear.[43] Completing the baseball uniform are cleats and stockings, both of which have also been around for a long time. By the end of the 19th century, teams began the practice of wearing one of two different uniforms, one when they played in their own baseball stadium and a different one when they played on the road. It became common to wear white at home and one of gray, solid dark blue, or black on the road. An early examples of this is the Brooklyn Superbas, who started to use a blue pattern for their road uniforms in 1907. [edit] Season Structure [edit] Spring Training A Grapefruit League game at the LA Dodgers camp in Vero Beach, FloridaIn Major League Baseball, spring training is a series of practices and exhibition games preceding the start of the regular season. Spring training allows new players to audition for roster and position spots, and gives existing team players practice time prior to competitive play. Spring training has always attracted fan attention, drawing crowds who travel to the warmer climates to enjoy the weather and watch their favorite teams play, and spring training usually coincides with spring break for many college students. Spring training typically lasts almost two months, starting in mid February and running until just before the season opening day (and often right at the end of spring training, some teams will play spring training games on the same day other teams have opening day of the season), traditionally the first week of April. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period due to the exhaustive nature of the position. A week or two later, the position players arrive and team practice begins. [edit] All-Star Game President John F. Kennedy throwing out the first pitch at the 1962 All-Star Game.Early July marks the midway point of the season, during which a three day break is taken when the Major League Baseball All-Star Game is staged. The All-Star game pits players from the NL, headed up by the manager of the previous NL World Series team, against players from the AL, similarly managed, in an exhibition game. Since 1989, the designated hitter rule is used when the game is played in an AL ballpark; formerly no designated hitters played in the All-Star game. The 2002 contest ended in an 11-inning tie because both teams were out of pitchers, a result which proved highly unpopular with the fans. As a result, for a
two-year trial in 2003 and 2004, the league which won the game received the benefit of home-field advantage in the World Series (four of the seven games taking place at their home park). That practice has since been extended indefinitely, since it has become popular with fans. The practice has upset purists over the previous format of the two leagues alternating home-field advantage for the World Series (especially considering that the NL has not won since 1995, thus they have not had home-field advantage in the World Series since 2001). The Boston Red Sox and Chicago White Sox took some advantage of the rule in 2004 and 2005 respectively, as each team started the Series with two home victories, giving them good momentum for a sweep (the Red Sox doing it again in 2007). However, the rule did not help the Yankees in 2003, as they lost the Series to Florida in 6 games, or the Detroit Tigers in 2006, as they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals in 5 games.[44][45] The first All-Star Game was held as part of the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, Illinois, and was the brainchild of Arch Ward, then sports editor for The Chicago Tribune.[46] Initially intended to be a one-time event, its great success resulted in making the game an annual one. Ward's contribution was recognized by Major League Baseball in 1962 with the creation of the "Arch Ward Trophy", given to the All-Star Game's most valuable player each year.[47] Since 1970, the eight position players for each team who take the field initially have been voted into the game by fans.[48] The fan voting had been cancelled since 1957 as a result of the Cincinnati ballot-box-stuffing scandal (a local newspaper had printed pre-voted ballots for fans to send in, resulting in seven of the eight positions going to Cincinnati players). The league overruled the vote, adding St. Louis' Stan Musial and Milwaukee's Henry Aaron to the team, and fan voting was eliminated until the 1970 season. In more recent years, internet voting has been allowed. From the first All-Star Game, players have worn their respective team uniforms rather than wearing uniforms made specifically for the game, with one exception: In the first game, the National League players wore uniforms made for the game, with the lettering "National League" across the front of the shirt. [49] [50] [edit] Post-season World Series Records Rank Team Titles Last Series 1st New York Yankees (AL) 26 2000 39 2nd St. Louis Cardinals (NL) 10 2006 17 3rd Oakland Athletics † (AL) 9 1989 14 4th Boston Red Sox † (AL) 7 2007 11 5th Los Angeles Dodgers † (NL) 6 1988 18 6th Cincinnati Reds (NL) 5 1990 9 Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) 5 1979 7 San Francisco Giants † (NL) 5 1954 17 9th Detroit Tigers (AL) 4 1984 10 10th Chicago White Sox (AL) 3 2005 5 Atlanta Braves † (NL) 3 1995 9 Minnesota Twins † (AL) 3 1991 6 Baltimore Orioles † (AL) 3 1983 7 14th Philadelphia Phillies (NL) 2 2008 6 Cleveland Indians (AL) 2 1948 5 Chicago Cubs (NL) 2 1908 10 Florida Marlins (NL) * 2 2003 2 Toronto Blue Jays (AL) * 2 1993 2 New York Mets (NL) * 2 1986 4 20th Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim † (AL) * 1 2002 1 Arizona Diamondbacks (NL) * 1 2001 1 Kansas City Royals (AL) * 1 1985 2 23rd San Diego Padres (NL) * 0 2 Houston Astros † (NL) * 0 1 Colorado Rockies (NL) * 0 1 Milwaukee Brewers † (AL) * (now NL) 0 1 Tampa Bay Rays † (AL) * 0 1 AL = American League (61 victories) NL = National League (43 victories) * joined the American or National League after 1960 (9 victories in 18 World Series out of 47 since 1960) † Totals include a team's record in a previous city or under another name (see franchise list below). No World Series have yet been played by the Texas Rangers † (AL) *, the Seattle Mariners (AL) * or the Washington Nationals † (NL) *. Further information: World Series and List of World Series winners Source: MLB.com When the regular season ends after the first Sunday in October (or the last Sunday in September), eight teams enter the post-season playoffs. Six teams are division champions; the remaining two "wild-card" spots are filled by the team in each league that has the best record but is not a division champion (best second-place team). Three rounds of series of games are played to determine the champion: American League Division Series and National League Division Series, each a best-of-five game series; American League Championship Series and National League Championship Series, each a best-of-seven game series played between the surviving teams from the ALDS and NLDS; and World Series, a best-of-seven game series played between the champions of each league. The division winners are seeded 1-3 based on record. The wild-card team is the 4 seed, regardless of its record. The matchup for the first round of the playoffs is usually 1 seed vs. 4 seed and 2 seed vs. 3 seed, unless the wild-card team is from the same division as the 1 seed, in which case the matchup is 1 seed vs. 3 seed and 2 seed vs. 4 seed, as teams from the same division cannot meet in the 1st round. In the first and second round of the playoffs, the better seeded team has home-field advantage, regardless of record.[51] Crowd outside Huntington Avenue Grounds before a game during the 1903 World SeriesThe team belonging to the league that won the mid-season All-Star Game receives home-field advantage in the World Series. As all playoff series are split between the two teams' home fields, "home field advantage" does not play a significant role unless the
series goes to its maximum number of games, in which case the final game takes place at the field of the team holding the advantage.[52] [edit] MLB steroid policy Rafael Palmeiro (batter), one of the Major League Baseball players suspended for steroid abuse.[53]Over most of the course of Major League Baseball, steroid testing was never a major issue. However, after the BALCO steroid scandal, which involved allegations that top baseball players had used illegal performance-enhancing drugs, Major League Baseball finally decided to issue harsher penalties for steroid users. The policy, which was accepted by Major League Baseball players and owners, was issued at the start of the 2005 season and went as follows: A first positive test resulted in a suspension of 10 games, a second positive test resulted in a suspension of 30 games, the third positive test resulted in a suspension of 60 games, the fourth positive test resulted in a suspension of one full year, and a fifth positive test resulted in a penalty at the commissioner’s discretion. Players were tested at least once per year, with the chance that several players could be tested many times per year.[54] A former Senate Majority Leader, federal prosecutor, and ex-chairman of The Walt Disney Company, George Mitchell was appointed by Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig on March 30, 2006[55] to investigate the use of performance-enhancing drugs in MLB.[56] Mitchell was appointed during a time of controversy over the 2006 book Game of Shadows by San Francisco Chronicle investigative reporters Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada, which chronicles alleged extensive use of performance enhancers, including several different types of steroids and growth hormone by baseball superstars Barry Bonds, Gary Sheffield and Jason Giambi. The appointment was made after several influential members of the U.S. Congress made negative comments about both the effectiveness and honesty of MLB's drug policies and Commissioner Selig.[56] According to the report, after mandatory random testing began in 2004, HGH became the substance of choice among players, as it is not detectable in tests.[57] Also, it was noted that at least one player from each of the thirty Major League Baseball teams was involved in the alleged violations.[58] The release of the Mitchell report was front page news on December 14, 2007On December 12, 2007, the day before the report was to be released, Bud Selig said, regarding his decision to commission the report, "I haven't seen the report yet, but I'm proud I did it."[59][60] According to ESPN, some people questioned whether Mitchell being a director of the Boston Red Sox created a conflict of interest, especially because no "prime [Sox] players were in the report." Mitchell described his role with the team as that of a "consultant".[61] Despite the lack of "prime" Boston players, the report had named several prominent Yankees who were parts of World Series clubs. This made some people feel that there was a conflict of interest on Mitchell's part, due to the fierce rivalry between the two teams. Cleveland Indians pitcher Paul Byrd, along with his teammates, felt the timing of publicizing Byrd's alleged use was suspicious, as the information was leaked prior to the deciding Game 7 of the 2007 American League Championship Series between the Indians and the Red Sox.[62] Former U.S. prosecutor John M. Dowd also brought up allegations of Mitchell's conflict of interest. Dowd, who had defended Senator John McCain of Arizona during the Keating Five investigation in the late 1980s, cited how he took exception to Mitchell's scolding of McCain and others for having a conflict of interest with their actions in the case and how the baseball investigation would be a "burden" for him when Mitchell was named to lead it.[63] After the investigation, Dowd later told the Baltimore Sun that he was convinced the former Senator has done a good job.[64] The Los Angeles Times reported that Mitchell acknowledged that his "tight relationship with Major League Baseball left him open to criticism".[65] Mitchell responded to the concerns by stating that readers who examined the report closely "will not find any evidence of bias, of special treatment of the Red Sox".[65] [edit] Major League Baseball ethnic demographics This article or section needs to be updated. Please update the article to reflect recent events or newly available information, and remove this template when finished. At the start of the 2005 season, there were 750 players on opening day rosters including 204 Latin American Players, accounting for nearly 25 percent of the overall player base. The Dominican Republic had 91 players, followed by Venezuela with 46 and Puerto Rico with 34.[66] [edit] Major League Baseball in media [edit] Blackout policy Main article: Major League Baseball blackout policy MLB Blackout map in the United StatesMajor League Baseball has several blackout rules. A local broadcaster has priority to televise games of the team in their market over national broadcasters. For example, at one time TBS showed many Atlanta Braves games nationally and internationally in Canada. Fox Sports Net (FSN) also shows many games in other areas. If the Braves played a team that FSN or another local broadcaster showed, the local station will have the broadcast rights for its own local market, while TBS would have been blacked out in the same market for the duration of the game. A market that has a local team playing in a weekday ESPN or ESPN2 game and is shown on a local station will see ESPNEWS, or, in the past, another game scheduled on ESPN or ESPN2 at the same time (if ESPN or ESPN2 operates a regional coverage broadcasting and operates a game choice), or will be subject to an alternative programming feed. MLB's streaming Internet video service is also subject to the same blackout rules. Canadian MLB Blackout map [edit] Major League Baseball on television Main article: Major League Baseball television contracts Major League Baseball is in the transition to a new set of television contracts. The league has three current broadcast partners: FOX, ESPN and TBS. It was announced on July 11, 2006 that FOX Sports will remain with MLB through 2013 and broadcast FOX Saturday Baseball throughout the entire season, rather than the previous May to
September format.[67] FOX will also hold rights to the All-Star Game each season. FOX will also alternate League Championship Series broadcasts, broadcasting the American League Championship Series in odd-numbered years and the National League Championship Series in even-numbered years as part of the new contract. FOX will continue to broadcast all games of the World Series, which will begin on a Wednesday evening rather than the current Saturday evening format. ESPN will continue to broadcast Major League Baseball through 2013 as well, beginning with national Opening Day coverage.[60] ESPN will continue to broadcast Sunday Night Baseball, Monday Night Baseball, Wednesday Night Baseball, and Baseball Tonight. ESPN also has rights to the Home Run Derby at the All-Star Game each July. TBS will air Sunday afternoon regular season games (non-exclusive) nationally from 2008 to 2013. In 2007, TBS began its exclusive rights to any tiebreaker games that determine division or wild card champions at the end of each regular season in the event of a tie with one playoff spot remaining, as well as exclusive coverage of the Division Series round of the playoffs.[68] TBS carries the League Championship Series that are not included under FOX's television agreement; TBS shows the National League Championship Series in odd-numbered years and the American League Championship Series in even-numbered years as part of the new contract through 2013.[69] In January 2009, MLB plans to launch the MLB Network which will air 26 live games that year.[70] [edit] International broadcasting ESPN Deportes televises a large number of Major League Baseball games in Spanish and Portuguese, which air throughout Latin America.[71] Five shows MLB on Sunday and Wednesday in the United Kingdom, (including the All-Star Game and the Post Season Games, but not including Spring Training) usually starting at 1 a.m. BST. It is currently presented by Johnny Gould and Josh Chetwynd as "MLB on Five".[72] NASN show live and recorded games several times a week - it is availble with the Setanta sports package in the UK. CBC, Rogers Sportsnet, and TSN televise Toronto Blue Jays games in Canada.[73] Rogers Sportsnet also carries ESPN Sunday Night Baseball, FOX Saturday games, the All-Star Game, most playoff games, and the World Series.[74] [edit] Current Major League franchises Main article: Current Major League franchises Division Team Founded City Stadium Notes American League East Baltimore Orioles 1 1901 Baltimore, MD Oriole Park at Camden Yards [75] Boston Red Sox 2 1901 Boston, MA Fenway Park [76] New York Yankees 3 1901 Bronx, NY Yankee Stadium15 [77] Tampa Bay Rays 4 1998 St. Petersburg, FL Tropicana Field [78] Toronto Blue Jays 1977 Toronto, ON Rogers Centre [79] Central Chicago White Sox 1901 Chicago, IL U.S. Cellular Field [80] Cleveland Indians 1901 Cleveland, OH Progressive Field [81] Detroit Tigers 1901 Detroit, MI Comerica Park [82] Kansas City Royals 1969 Kansas City, MO Kauffman Stadium [83] Minnesota Twins 5 1901 Minneapolis, MN Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 16 [84] West Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim 6 1961 Anaheim, CA Angel Stadium of Anaheim 17 [85] Oakland Athletics 1901 Oakland, CA 7 Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum 18 [86] Seattle Mariners 1977 Seattle, WA Safeco Field [87] Texas Rangers 8 1961 Arlington, TX Rangers Ballpark in Arlington [88] National League East Atlanta Braves 1871 Atlanta, GA 9 Turner Field [89] Florida Marlins * 1993 Miami Gardens, FL Dolphin Stadium 19 [90] New York Mets 1962 Queens, NY Citi Field 20 [91] Philadelphia Phillies 1883 Philadelphia, PA Citizens Bank Park [92] Washington Nationals 10 1969 Washington, DC Nationals Park [93] Central Chicago Cubs 1870 Chicago, IL Wrigley Field [94] Cincinnati Reds 1882 Cincinnati, OH Great American Ball Park [95] Houston Astros 11 1962 Houston, TX Minute Maid Park [96] Milwaukee Brewers 12 1969 Milwaukee, WI Miller Park [97] Pittsburgh Pirates 1882 Pittsburgh, PA PNC Park [98] St. Louis Cardinals 1882 St. Louis, MO Busch Stadium 21 [99] West Arizona Diamondbacks 1998 Phoenix, AZ Chase Field [100] Colorado Rockies 1993 Denver, CO Coors Field [101] Los Angeles Dodgers 1883 Los Angeles, CA 13 Dodger Stadium [102] San Diego Padres 1969 San Diego, CA PETCO Park [103] San Francisco Giants 1883 San Francisco, CA 14 AT&T Park [104] A graph showing the historical performance of the 30 Major League Baseball franchises[Orioles] Milwaukee Brewers 1901; St. Louis Browns 1902-1953 [Red Sox] Boston Americans, 1901-1907 [Yankees] Baltimore Orioles 1901-1902; New York Highlanders 1902-1912 [Rays] Tampa Bay Devil Rays 1998-2007 [Twins] Washington Senators 1901-1960 [Angels] Los Angeles Angels 1961-1965; California Angels 1965-1996; Anaheim Angels 1997-2004 [Athletics] located in Philadelphia 1901-1954, Kansas City 1955-1967 [Rangers] Washington Senators 1961-1971 [Braves] located in Boston 1871-1952; Milwaukee 1953-1965 [Nationals] Montreal Expos 1969-2004 [Astros] Houston Colt.45's 1962-1965 [Brewers] Seattle Pilots (AL) 1969; in American League until 1998 [Dodgers] located in Brooklyn 1883-1957 (where before 1931 they were called successively the Atlantics, Grays, Bridegrooms, Grooms, Superbas, Trolley Dodgers, Dodgers and Robins) [Giants] located in New York 1883-1957 To be replaced in 2009 by a new stadium also named "Yankee Stadium" To be replaced in 2010 by a new stadium named "Target Field" Hosting 2010 All-Star Game. To be replaced in 2011-2012 by a new stadium named "Cisco Field" To be replaced in 2011 by a new stadium currently named "New Marlins Stadium" Replacing Shea Stadium [105] in 2009 Hosting 2009 All-Star Game * When the Marlins move out of Dolphin Stadium the team will be renamed the "Miami Marlins" [edit] Major League Baseball Charities In 2007, Major League Baseball International formed an exciting new partnership with the charitable organization, Pitch in for Baseball (PIFB). Based in Philadelphia, Pa., PIFB shares MLBI's commitment to promoting and enhancing the growth of
baseball around the world by providing the necessary equipment, which can prove challenging to obtain at the grassroots level. MLBI and PIFB partnered on 14 donations to four different continents in 2007. Since the inception of the Major League Baseball International Equipment Donation Program in 2003, MLBI has distributed baseball equipment to organizations in more than 30 countries worldwide, including American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Ireland, Israel, Kenya, Malta, Mali, Mexico, Mozambique, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Palau, Panama, Romania, Russia, St. Martin, Tunisia, Uganda and Vietnam. [edit] References ^ "Selig Given 3-Year Contract Extension". rpl.edu. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "Team-by-team information". mlb.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "World Series Winners". ESPN. Retrieved on 2008-07-27. ^ "Year In Review : 2000 National League". www.baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-05. ^ "Policy Debate: Should the antitrust exemption for baseball be eliminated?". www.swlearning.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "The Role of Antitrust Laws in the Professional Sports Industry From a Financial Perspective". Howard Bartee, Jr. The Sport Journal. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "National Association of Professional Base Ball Players". britannica.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-10. ^ "1884 Union Association". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "1890 Players League". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ Silver, Nate (2007). "NerdFight: League Quality Adjustments". Baseball Prospectus. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "The National Pastime". Doc Heritage. Retrieved on 2008-09-10. ^ "Minor League Baseball History". roadsidephotos.sabr.org. Retrieved on 2008-09-10. ^ "1903 National Agreement". minorleaguebaseball.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-10. ^ Daniel Okrent, Harris Lewine, David Nemec (2000) "The Ultimate Baseball Book", Houghton Mifflin Books,ISBN 0618056688 , p.33 ^ Burt Solomon (2000) "Where They Ain't: The Fabled Life And Untimely Death Of The Original Baltimore Orioles", Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0684859173 Excerpt ^ "Veterans elect five into Hall of Fame: Two managers, three executives comprise Class of 2008". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc. (2007-12-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-19. ^ a b McGookin, Steve (2007-09-28). "Fifty Years Of Loss". Forbes. Forbes.com LLC. Retrieved on 2008-04-26. ^ "Worldwide Timetable". American Airlines (2007-11-01). Retrieved on 2007-11-24. ^ "Identifying Locations". colostate.edu. Retrieved on 2007-11-24. ^ a b c "Walter in Wonderland", Time, Time, Inc. (1958-04-28). Retrieved on 28 April 2008. ^ "Metropolitan Stadium / Minnesota Twins / 1961-1981". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved on 2008-05-16. ^ "Scoreboard". Time. Time, Inc. (1957-05-20). Retrieved on 2008-04-30. ^ "Walter O'Malley". Time. Time, Inc. (1958-04-28). Retrieved on 2008-04-28. ^ "Sporting Cartoons". Time. Time, Inc.. Retrieved on 2008-04-30. ^ "Year by Year Leaders for Batting Average". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ Bailey, Mary (2000). "When Denny McLain stood baseball on its ear". The Detroit News. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "Bob Gibson Statistics". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ Merron, Jeff (2003). "Blomberg first permanent pinch-hitter". espn.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ Passan, Jeff (2006). "Searching for baseball's Bigfoot". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ Crasnick, Jerry (2007). "Changeup is the key to Hoffman's success". espn.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-09. ^ Mazzoni, Wayne (1995). "What makes Greg Maddux so good and can we teach it?". findarticles.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-09. ^ Kalk, Josh (2007). "Anatomy of a player: Tom Glavine". hardballtimes.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-09. ^ Curry, Jack (2008). "Santana’s Changeup: Hitters Never See It Coming". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-09-09. ^ Robert Riles (April 8, 2008). "The American Chronicle". www.americanchronicle.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-25. ^ a b c "Baseball Uniforms in the Major Leagues: The Evolution of the Battle Suit". www.articlesbase.com. Retrieved on 2008-07-15. ^ "Date when the New York Knickerbockers wore the first baseball uniforms and what they were made of". iterpret.co.za. Retrieved on 2008-06-30. ^ "History Of Baseball Uniforms In The Major Leagues". interpret.co.za. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. ^ "The history of the baseball uniform at the National Baseball Hall of Fame". exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org. Retrieved on 2008-06-14. ^ "The history of the baseball uniform at the National Baseball Hall of Fame". exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org. Retrieved on 2008-05-11. ^ "National Baseball Hall of Fame - Dressed to the Nines - Uniform Database". exhibits.baseballhalloffame.org. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. ^ "A short history of the baseball cap.(The Home Forum) - The Christian Science Monitor — HighBeam Research". www.highbeam.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. ^ "BBC NEWS". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. ^ "Celebrating the rich history of baseball caps". mlb.mlb.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-29. ^ "2003 World Series (4-2): Florida Marlins (91-71) over New York Yankees (101-61)". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ "2006 World Series (4-1): St. Louis Cardinals (83-78) over Detroit Tigers (95-67)". baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ "All-Star Game History". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-07. ^ Newman, Mark. "All-Star MVP Awaits Your Vote", MLB.com, July 10, 2006. ^ "All-Star Game". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ Lamont, Buchanan (1951). The World Series and Highlights of Baseball. E. P. Dutton & Co., page 120. ^ Okkonen, Marc (1991). Baseball uniforms of the 20th century: The official major league baseball guide. Sterling Pub. Co, page 7. ISBN 978-0806984902. ^ "Baseball Postseason Playoffs". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-10. ^ "Major League Baseball announces revamped postseason schedule". mlb.com (2007). Retrieved on
2008-09-07. ^ "Players suspended under baseball's steroids policy". espn.com (2006-06-07). Retrieved on 2007-07-20. ^ "MLB Owners, Players Reach Deal On Steroid Testing". wnbc.com (2005). Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ Barry M. Bloom (2007-12-13). "Mitchell Report to be released today", mlb.com. Retrieved on 13 December 2007. ^ a b Duff Wilson (2007-12-13). "Baseball Braces for Steroid Report From Mitchell", The New York Times. Retrieved on 13 December 2007. ^ "Mitchell Report" (PDF) SR2. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. ^ "Mitchell report: Baseball slow to react to players' steroid use", ESPN.com (2007-12-13). Retrieved on 13 December 2007. ^ Phil Rogers (2007-12-12). "Mitchell report will assess the damage done". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. ^ a b "Sources: Players, owners to share blame in Mitchell report", espn.com (2007-12-13). Retrieved on 13 December 2007. ^ "Mitchell Report" (PDF) A1. Retrieved on 2007-12-31. ^ Ken Rosenthal (2007-10-23). "Mitchell investigation raises questions". Fox Sports. Retrieved on 2007-12-24. ^ Mike Dodd (2006-03-31). "Is George Mitchell independent enough?". USA Today. Retrieved on 2007-12-24. ^ Childs Walker (2007-12-11). "Some question Mitchell as report draws near". Baltrimore Sun. Retrieved on 2007-12-24. ^ a b Greg Johnson (2007-12-14). "Mitchell cites unbiased history". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. ^ "Dynamic Demographics". latinobaseball.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ "Fox, TBS have seven-year, $3 billion TV deal with MLB". espn.com (2006). Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ Michael Hiestand (2006). "TBS drops Braves games, joins Fox in rich TV deal". USA Today. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ Barry M. Bloom (2006). "TBS signs on to air LCS games". mlb.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-06. ^ Dave Sheinin (2007-05-18). "MLB Network Closer to Fruition". Washington Post. Retrieved on 2007-12-21. ^ "ESPN Deportes' Multimedia Coverage of Major League Baseball All-Star Game and Events". hispanicprwire.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ Gould, Jonny (2008-08-08). "Jonny Gould". baseballfan.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "2008 Broadcast Schedule". cbc.ca. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "TV Schedule". sportsnet.ca. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ "Oriole Park at Camden Yards". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Fenway Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Yankee Stadium". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Tropicana Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Rogers Centre". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "U.S. Cellular Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Progressive Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Comerica Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Kauffman Stadium". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Angel Stadium of Anaheim". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "McAfee Coliseum". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Safeco Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Rangers Ballpark in Arlington". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Turner Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Dolphin Stadium". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ Citi Field, ballparks.com, retrieved on November 2, 2008 ^ "Citizens Bank Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Wrigley Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Great American Ball Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Minute Maid Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Miller Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "PNC Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Busch Stadium". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Chase Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Coors Field". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Dodger Stadium". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "PETCO Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "AT&T Park". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. ^ "Shea Stadium". ballparks.com. Retrieved on 2008-09-04. [edit] Further reading Bouton, Jim. Ball Four: My Life and Hard Times Throwing the Knuckleball in the Major Leagues. World Publishing Company, 1970. ISBN 0-02-030665-2. (One player's diary of the 1969 season with the Seattle Pilots) James, Bill. The Historical Baseball Abstract. New York: Villard, 1985 (with many subsequent editions). Murphy, Cait (2007). Crazy '08: How a Cast of Cranks, Rogues, Boneheads, and Magnates Created the Greatest Year in Baseball History. New York, NY: Smithsonian Books. ISBN 978-0-06-088937-1 Ritter, Lawrence. The Glory of their Times. New York: MacMillan, 1966. Revised edition, New York: William Morrow, 1984. (First-person accounts of life in baseball during the early 20th century.) Ross, Brian. "Band of Brothers". Minor League News, April 6, 2005. Available at Minor League News. (A history of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, a group formed in 1902 in opposition to the National and American Leagues.) Seymour, Harold. Baseball: The Early Years. 2v. New York: Oxford University Press, 1960. ISBN 0-19-500100-1 Tygiel, Jules. Past Time: Baseball as History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-19-514604-2 Marc Okkonen, Baseball Uniforms of the 20th Century: The Official Major League Baseball Guide, 1991. Ernest Lanigan, Baseball Cyclopedia, 1922, originally published by Baseball Magazine Hy Turkin and S.C. Thompson, The Official Encyclopedia of Baseball, 1951, A.S. Barnes and Company. Lamont Buchanan, The World Series and Highlights of Baseball, 1951, E. P. Dutton & Company. Jordan A. Deutsch, Richard M. Cohen, David Neft, Roland T. Johnson, The Scrapbook History of Baseball, 1975, Bobbs-Merrill Company. Richard M. Cohen, David Neft, Roland T. Johnson, Jordan A. Deutsch, The World Series, 1976, Dial Press. Contains play-by-play accounts of all World Series from 1903 onward. The New York Times, The Complete Book of Baseball: A Scrapbook History, 1980, Bobbs_Merrill. Jerry Lansch, Glory Fades Away: The Nineteenth Century World Series Rediscovered, 1991, Taylor Publishing. ISBN 0-87833-726-1 Major League Baseball Attendance [edit] External links Major League Baseball (official site) ArmchairGM MLB Portal Ballparks.com Baseball History Site Baseball Prospectus Baseball Think Factory ESPN Baseball Index ESPN Video Archive: Major League Baseball The Hardball Times HaveBalls.Net Baseball News Historical Team Names MLB Power Rankings Pitch In For Baseball - A MLB and MLB International partner charity Aerial and Satellite Photography of American League and National League Stadiums [show]v • d • eMajor League Baseball (2008) AL East Central West Baltimore Orioles Chicago White Sox Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Boston Red Sox Cleveland Indians Oakland Athletics New York Yankees Detroit Tigers Seattle Mariners Tampa Bay Rays Kansas City Royals Texas Rangers Toronto Blue Jays Minnesota Twins NL East Central West Atlanta Braves Chicago Cubs Arizona Diamondbacks Florida Marlins Cincinnati Reds Colorado Rockies New York Mets Houston Astros Los Angeles Dodgers Philadelphia Phillies Milwaukee Brewers San Diego Padres Washington Nationals Pittsburgh Pirates San Francisco Giants St. Louis Cardinals Post-Season: World Series · ALCS · NLCS · ALDS · NLDS All-Star Game · World Baseball Classic · Baseball awards · Hall of Fame · MLBPA · TV contracts · MLB logo Baseball year-by-year · Minor leagues · Negro leagues · All-American Girls Professional Baseball League · Federal League · History of baseball [show]v • d • eProfessional baseball leagues Americas Major American League · National League Minor Triple-A: International League · Pacific Coast League · Mexican League Double-A: Eastern League · Southern League · Texas League Class A Advanced: California League · Carolina League · Florida State League • Class A: Midwest League · South Atlantic League • Class A Short-Season: New York - Penn League · Northwest League Rookie: Appalachian League · Arizona League · Dominican Summer League · Gulf Coast League · Pioneer League · Venezuelan Summer League Independent American Association · Atlantic League · Can-Am League · Continental Baseball League · Frontier League · Golden Baseball League · Northern League · United League Baseball Winter Affiliated: Arizona · Dominican Republic · Mexico · Venezuela Independent: Arizona · Colombia · Puerto Rico · Texas Defunct Major: National Association · American Association · Union Association · Players' League · Federal League · Negro Leagues · All-American Girls Professional Baseball League · Continental League · Cuban League · National Association of Base Ball Players • Minor: List of defunct minor leagues • Independent: List of defunct independent leagues Asia Japan Nippon Professional Baseball: Central League · Pacific League • Minor: Western League · Eastern League • Independent: Shikoku-Kyūshū Island League · Baseball Challenge League · Kansai Independent Baseball League Other South Korea: Korea Baseball Organization Taiwan: Chinese Professional Baseball League China: China Baseball League Philippines: Baseball Philippines Defunct Japanese Baseball League · Taiwan Major League · Israel Baseball League Europe Current Division Elite (France) · Bundesliga (Germany) · Serie A1 (Italy) · Honkbal Hoofdklasse (Netherlands) · División de Honor de Beisbol (Spain) · Elitserien (Sweden) Oceania Winter Independent: Hawaii Defunct Australian Baseball League · International Baseball League of Australia Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" Categories: Organizations established in 1876 | Major League Baseball | Monopolies | Professional sports leagues
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227's YouTube "Chili" - STOMP THE YARD (BLACK COLLEGE STEP SHOW MOVIE) Starring Columbus Short, Meagan Good, Ne-Yo, Darrin Henson, Chris Brown, Brian White, Las Alonso, Valerie Pettiford & Harry Lennix (NBA Mix)!
Beyonce * Maxwell * Mario ft. Gucci Mane & sean Garrett * Drake ft. Lil Wayne * Ginuwine * Fabolous Featuring The-Dream * Keyshia Cole Duet With Monica * Jay-Z, Rihanna & Kanye West * Gucci Mane Featuring Plies * Mary Mary Featuring Kierra "KiKi" Sheard * Ice Cream Paint Job * Pleasure P * Mariah Carey * Trey Songz * Trey Songz Featuring Gucci Mane & Soulja Boy Tell'em * R. Kelly Featuring Keri Hilson * K'Jon * Young Money * Twista Featuring Erika Shevon * Yo Gotti * New Boyz * Jeremih * Keri Hilson Featuring Kanye West & Ne-Yo * Musiq Soulchild * Whitney Houston * Anthony Hamilton * Charlie Wilson * Chrisette Michele * Jamie Foxx Featuring T-Pain * Plies * LeToya Featuring Ludacris * Mary J. Blige Featuring Drake * Mullage * Charlie Wilson * Jamie Foxx Featuring Drake, Kanye West + The-Dream * Jamie Foxx Featuring Drake, Kanye West + The-Dream * Jeremih * Mishon * Jennifer Hudson * Clipse Featuring Pharrell Williams * Kid Cudi Featuring Kanye West & Common * Raphael Saadiq Featuring Stevie Wonder & CJ * Anthony Hamilton Featuring David Banner * Jazmine Sullivan * Trey Songz Featuring Drake * F.L.Y. (Fast Life Yungstaz) * Laura Izibor
Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227 (227's YouTube Chili")!
Beyonce * Shakira * Jordin Sparks * Mariah Carey * New Boyz * Jason DeRulo * Mario ft. Gucci Mane & Sean Garrett * Katy Perry * The Black Eyed Peas * Colby Caillat * Fabolous ft. The Dream * Jason Aldean * Daughtry * Lady Gaga * Michael Franti & Spearhead Featuring Cherine Anderson * Boys Like Girls * Flo Rida Featuring Ne-Yo * Dorrough * Green Day * Linkin Park * Pink * Justin Bieber * Rob Thomas * Maxwell * Jason Mraz * Young Money * The Fray * Rascal Flatts * Zac Brown Band * Shinedown * Disney's Friends For Change * Toby Keith * Darius Rucker * Cascada * Billy Currington * Justin Moore * Kid Cudi Featuring Kanye West & Common * Keith Urban * Randy Houser * Drake Featuring Lil Wayne * Jeremih * Pearl Jam * Kelly Clarkson * George Strait * LMFAO * Twista Featuring Erika Shevon * Uncle Kracker * Eric Church * Jack Ingram * Love And Theft * Parachute * Chris Young * Theory Of A Deadman * Tim McGraw * Sean Paul * Gloriana * Creed * Ginuwine * Keyshia Cole Duet With Monica * Blake Shelton * Iyaz
2009 NCAA Basketball Tournament! List of NCAA Division 1 Teams & Coaches at 227!
America East Conference Albany - Will Brown Binghamton - Kevin Broadus Boston University - Dennis Wolff Hartford - Dan Leibovitz Maine - Ted Woodward New Hampshire - Bill Herrion Stony Brook - Steve Pikiell UMBC - Randy Monroe Vermont - Mike Lonergan 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! America East Conference
Atlantic 10 Conference Charlotte - Bobby Lutz Dayton - Brian Gregory Duquesne - Ron Everhart Fordham - Dereck Whittenburg George Washington - Karl Hobbs La Salle - John Giannini Rhode Island - Jim Baron Richmond - Chris Mooney St. Bonaventure - Mark Schmidt Saint Joseph's - Phil Martelli Saint Louis - Rick Majerus Temple - Fran Dunphy UMass - Derek Kellogg Xavier - Sean Miller 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Atlantic 10 Conference
Atlantic Coast Conference Boston College - Al Skinner Clemson - Oliver Purnell Duke - Mike Krzyzewski Florida State - Leonard Hamilton Georgia Tech - Paul Hewitt Maryland - Gary Williams Miami (Florida) - Frank Haith North Carolina - Roy Williams North Carolina State - Sidney Lowe Virginia - Dave Leitao Virginia Tech - Seth Greenberg Wake Forest - Dino Gaudio 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Atlantic Coast Conference
Atlantic Sun Conference Belmont - Rick Byrd Campbell - Robbie Laing East Tennessee State - Murry Bartow Florida Gulf Coast - Dave Balza Jacksonville - Cliff Warren Kennesaw State - Tony Ingle Lipscomb - Scott Sanderson Mercer - Bob Hoffman North Florida - Matt Kilcullen Stetson - Derek Waugh USC Upstate - Eddie Payne 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Atlantic Sun Conference
Big 12 Conference Baylor - Scott Drew Colorado - Jeff Bzdelik Iowa State - Greg McDermott Kansas - Bill Self Kansas State - Frank Martin Missouri - Mike Anderson Nebraska - Doc Sadler Oklahoma - Jeff Capel III Oklahoma State - Travis Ford Texas - Rick Barnes Texas A&M - Mark Turgeon Texas Tech - Pat Knight 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big 12 Conference
Big East Conference Cincinnati - Mick Cronin Connecticut - Jim Calhoun DePaul - Jerry Wainwright Georgetown - John Thompson III Louisville - Rick Pitino Marquette - Buzz Williams Notre Dame - Mike Brey Pittsburgh - Jamie Dixon Providence - Keno Davis Rutgers - Fred Hill St. John's - Norm Roberts Seton Hall - Bobby Gonzalez South Florida - Stan Heath Syracuse - Jim Boeheim Villanova - Jay Wright West Virginia - Bobby Huggins 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big East Conference
Big Sky Conference Eastern Washington - Kirk Earlywine Idaho State - Joe O'Brien Montana - Wayne Tinkle Montana State - Brad Huse Northern Arizona - Mike Adras Northern Colorado - Tad Boyle Portland State - Ken Bone Sacramento State - Brian Katz Weber State - Randy Rahe 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big Sky Conference
Big South Conference Charleston Southern - Barclay Radebaugh Coastal Carolina - Cliff Ellis Gardner-Webb - Rick Scruggs High Point - Bart Lundy Liberty - Ritchie McKay Presbyterian - Gregg Nibert Radford - Brad Greenberg UNC-Asheville - Eddie Biedenbach VMI - Duggar Baucom Winthrop - Randy Peele 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big South Conference
Big Ten Conference Illinois - Bruce Weber Indiana - Tom Crean Iowa - Todd Lickliter Michigan - John Beilein Michigan State - Tom Izzo Minnesota - Tubby Smith Northwestern - Bill Carmody Ohio State - Thad Matta Penn State - Ed DeChellis Purdue - Matt Painter Wisconsin - Bo Ryan 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big Ten Conference
Big West Conference Cal Poly - Kevin Bromley Cal State Fullerton - Bob Burton Cal State Northridge - Bobby Braswell Long Beach State - Dan Monson Pacific - Bob Thomason UC Davis - Gary Stewart UC Irvine - Pat Douglass UC Riverside - Jim Wooldridge UC Santa Barbara - Bob Williams 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big West Conference
Colonial Athletic Association Delaware - Monte Ross Drexel - Bruiser Flint George Mason - Jim Larranaga Georgia State - Rod Barnes Hofstra - Tom Pecora James Madison - Matt Brady Northeastern - Bill Coen Old Dominion - Blaine Taylor Towson - Pat Kennedy UNC-Wilmington - Benny Moss Virginia Commonwealth - Anthony Grant William & Mary - Tony Shaver 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Colonial Athletic Association
Conference USA East Carolina - Mack McCarthy Houston - Tom Penders Marshall - Donnie Jones Memphis - John Calipari Rice - Ben Braun Southern Methodist - Matt Doherty Southern Mississippi - Larry Eustachy Tulane - Dave Dickerson Tulsa - Doug Wojcik UAB - Mike Davis UCF - Kirk Speraw UTEP - Tony Barbee 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Conference USA
Horizon League - Butler - Brad Stevens Cleveland State - Gary Waters Detroit - Ray McCallum Loyola (Chicago) - Jim Whitesell UIC - Jimmy Collins UW-Green Bay - Tod Kowalczyk UW-Milwaukee - Rob Jeter Valparaiso - Homer Drew Wright State - Brad Brownell Youngstown State - Jerry Slocum 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Horizon League
Independents Bryant - Tim O'Shea Cal State Bakersfield - Keith Brown Chicago State - Benjy Taylor Houston Baptist - Ron Cottrell Longwood - Mike Gillian New Jersey Institute of Technology - Jim Engles North Carolina Central - Henry Dickerson Savannah State - Horace Broadnax SIU-Edwardsville - Lennox Forrester Texas-Pan American - Tom Schuberth Utah Valley - Dick Hunsaker 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! NCAA Division I independent schools (basketball)
Ivy League Brown - Jesse Agel Columbia - Joe Jones Cornell - Steve Donahue Dartmouth - Terry Dunn Harvard - Tommy Amaker Penn - Glen Miller Princeton - Sydney Johnson Yale - James Jones 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Ivy League
Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference Canisius - Tom Parrotta Fairfield - Ed Cooley Iona - Kevin Willard Loyola (Maryland) - Jimmy Patsos Manhattan - Barry Rohrssen Marist - Chuck Martin Niagara - Joe Mihalich Rider - Tommy Dempsey St. Peter's - John Dunne Siena - Fran McCaffery 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mid-American Conference
Mid-American Conference Akron – Keith Dambrot Ball State – Billy Taylor Bowling Green – Louis Orr Buffalo – Reggie Witherspoon Central Michigan – Ernie Ziegler Eastern Michigan – Charles Ramsey Kent State – Geno Ford Miami – Charlie Coles Northern Illinois – Ricardo Patton Ohio – John Groce Toledo – Gene Cross Western Michigan – Steve Hawkins 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mid-American Conference
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Bethune-Cookman - Clifford Reed Coppin State - Ron Mitchell Delaware State - Greg Jackson Florida A&M - Mike Gillespie Hampton - Kevin Nickelberry Howard - Gil Jackson Maryland-Eastern Shore - Meredith Smith Morgan State - Todd Bozeman Norfolk State - Anthony Evans North Carolina A&T - Jerry Eaves South Carolina State - Tim Carter Winston-Salem State - Bobby Collins 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference
Missouri Valley Conference Bradley - Jim Les Creighton - Dana Altman Drake - Mark Phelps Evansville - Marty Simmons Illinois State - Tim Jankovich Indiana State - Kevin McKenna Missouri State - Cuonzo Martin Northern Iowa - Ben Jacobson Southern Illinois - Chris Lowery Wichita State - Gregg Marshall 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Missouri Valley Conference
Mountain West Conference Air Force - Jeff Reynolds Brigham Young - Dave Rose Colorado State - Tim Miles New Mexico - Steve Alford San Diego State - Steve Fisher Texas Christian - Neil Dougherty UNLV - Lon Kruger Utah - Jim Boylen Wyoming - Heath Schroyer 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mountain West Conference
Northeast Conference Central Connecticut State - Howie Dickenman Fairleigh Dickinson - Tom Green LIU-Brooklyn - Jim Ferry Monmouth - Dave Calloway Mount St. Mary's - Milan Brown Quinnipiac - Tom Moore Robert Morris - Mike Rice Jr. Sacred Heart - Dave Bike St. Francis (PA) - Don Friday St. Francis (NY) - Brian Nash Wagner - Mike Deane 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Northeast Conference
Ohio Valley Conference Austin Peay - Dave Loos Eastern Illinois - Mike Miller Eastern Kentucky - Jeff Neubauer Jacksonville State - James Green Morehead State - Donnie Tyndall Murray State - Billy Kennedy Southeast Missouri - Zac Roman Tennessee-Martin - Bret Campbell Tennessee State - Cy Alexander Tennessee Tech - Mike Sutton 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Ohio Valley Conference
Pacific-10 Conference Arizona - Russ Pennell Arizona State - Herb Sendek California - Mike Montgomery Oregon - Ernie Kent Oregon State - Craig Robinson Stanford - Johnny Dawkins UCLA - Ben Howland USC - Tim Floyd Washington - Lorenzo Romar Washington State - Tony Bennett 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Pacific-10 Conference
Patriot League American - Jeff Jones Army - Jim Crews Bucknell - Dave Paulsen Colgate - Emmett Davis Holy Cross - Ralph Willard Lafayette - Fran O'Hanlon Lehigh - Brett Reed Navy - Billy Lange 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Patriot League
Southeastern Conference Alabama - Philip Pearson Arkansas - John Pelphrey Auburn - Jeff Lebo Florida - Billy Donovan Georgia - Pete Herrmann Kentucky - Billy Gillispie LSU - Trent Johnson Mississippi - Andy Kennedy Mississippi State - Rick Stansbury South Carolina - Darrin Horn Tennessee - Bruce Pearl Vanderbilt - Kevin Stallings 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southeastern Conference
Southern Conference Appalachian State - Houston Fancher Chattanooga - John Shulman The Citadel - Ed Conroy College of Charleston - Bobby Cremins Davidson - Bob McKillop Elon - Ernie Nestor Furman - Jeff Jackson Georgia Southern - Jeff Price Samford - Jimmy Tillette UNC-Greensboro - Mike Dement Western Carolina - Larry Hunter Wofford - Mike Young 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southern Conference
Southland Conference Central Arkansas - Rand Chappell Lamar - Steve Roccaforte McNeese State - Dave Simmons Nicholls State - J. P. Piper Northwestern State - Mike McConathy Sam Houston State - Bob Marlin Southeastern Louisiana - Jim Yarbrough Stephen F. Austin - Danny Kaspar Texas A&M-Corpus Christi - Perry Clark Texas-Arlington - Scott Cross Texas-San Antonio - Brooks Thompson Texas State - Doug Davalos 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southland Conference
Southwestern Athletic Conference Alabama A&M - L. Vann Pettaway Alabama State - Lewis Jackson Alcorn State - Samuel West Arkansas-Pine Bluff - George Ivory Grambling State - Larry Wright Jackson State - Tevester Anderson Mississippi Valley State - Sean Woods Prairie View A&M - Byron Rimm II Southern - Rob Spivery Texas Southern - Tony Harvey 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southwestern Athletic Conference
The Summit League Centenary - Greg Gary IPFW - Dane Fife IUPUI - Ron Hunter North Dakota State - Saul Phillips Oakland - Greg Kampe Oral Roberts - Scott Sutton South Dakota State - Scott Nagy Southern Utah - Roger Reid UMKC - Matt Brown Western Illinois - Derek Thomas 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! The Summit League
Sun Belt Conference Arkansas-Little Rock - Steve Shields Arkansas State - Dickey Nutt Denver - Joe Scott Florida Atlantic - Mike Jarvis Florida International - Sergio Rouco Louisiana-Lafayette - Robert Lee Louisiana-Monroe - Orlando Early Middle Tennessee - Kermit Davis New Orleans - Joe Pasternack North Texas - Johnny Jones South Alabama - Ronnie Arrow Troy - Don Maestri Western Kentucky - Ken McDonald 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Sun Belt Conference
West Coast Conference Gonzaga - Mark Few Loyola Marymount - Rodney Tention Pepperdine - Vance Walberg Portland - Eric Reveno Saint Mary's - Randy Bennett San Diego - Bill Grier San Francisco - Rex Walters Santa Clara - Kerry Keating 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! West Coast Conference
Western Athletic Conference Boise State - Greg Graham Fresno State - Steve Cleveland Hawai?i - Bob Nash Idaho - Don Verlin Louisiana Tech - Kerry Rupp Nevada - Mark Fox New Mexico State - Marvin Menzies San Jose State - George Nessman Utah State - Stew Morrill 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Western Athletic Conference
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Jamaal Al-Din, a native of Grand Rapids, Michigan and former leading scorer of Olympic Basketball and LSU great, Ed Palubinskas brings to you Michigan State University's and the NBA's Earvin "Magic" Johnson at 227's YouTube "MAGIC!" provided by Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227-the everything basketball website, featuring YouTube Videos and Wikipedia information on the legendary Earvin "Magic" Johnson, The Magic Johnson Foundation, Magic Johnson Enterprises, and everything including the magical phrase..."MAGIC!" 227's YouTube "MAGIC!"
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