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Police From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Police (disambiguation). German State Police officer in Hamburg. Polish Police's Anti-Riot Detachment, filming a gathering. The film could later be presented during a trial as evidence, or used in Police training. A water cannon is seen in the background. New York City Police Department Chevrolet Impala patrol car.Police are agents or agencies, usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to ensure public and social order through the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police departments of a state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. The word comes via French from the Latin politia ("civil administration"), which itself derives from the ancient Greek πόλις, for polis ("city").[1] Contents [hide] 1 Overview 2 History 2.1 Ancient China 2.2 Pre-modern Europe 2.3 European development 2.4 19th century development 3 Personnel and organization 3.1 Uniformed police 3.2 Detectives 3.3 Auxiliary 3.4 Specialized units 3.5 Military police 4 Varying jurisdictions 5 Global policing 6 Armament and equipment 6.1 Vehicles 7 Strategies 8 Power restrictions 9 Conduct and accountability 9.1 Use of force 9.2 Protection of individuals 10 International forces 11 See also 12 References 13 External links Overview The first police force comparable to present-day police was established in 1667 under King Louis XIV in France, although modern police usually trace their origins to the 1800 establishment of the Marine Police in London, the Glasgow Police, and the Napoleonic police of Paris.[2][3][4] The first modern police force is also commonly said to be the London Metropolitan Police, established in 1829, which promoted the preventive role of police as a deterrent to urban crime and disorder.[5] Law enforcement however constitutes only part of policing activity.[6] Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order.[7] In some societies, in the late 18th century and early 19th century, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property.[8] Alternative names for police force include constabulary, gendarmerie, police department, police service, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency or Garda Síochána, and members can be police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or Garda. Russian police and police of the Soviet-era Eastern Europe are (or were) called militsiya. History See also: History of criminal justice Ancient China Law enforcement in Ancient China was carried out by "prefects." The notion of a "prefect" in China has existed for thousands of years. The prefecture system developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. In Ancient China, prefects were government officials appointed by local magistrates, who in turn were appointed by the head of state, usually the emperor of the dynasty. The prefects oversaw the civil administration of their "prefecture," or jurisdiction. Prefects usually reported to the local magistrate, just as modern police report to judges. Under each prefect were "subprefects" who helped collectively with law enforcement of the area. Some prefects were responsible for handling investigations, much like modern police detectives. Eventually the concept of the "prefecture system" would spread to other cultures such as Korea and Japan. Law enforcement in Ancient China was also relatively progressive, allowing for female prefects. Some examples of ancient Chinese prefects include: Chong Fu - prefect of the Ying District in the East Han Dynasty and Ching Chow - prefect of the modern Shang-tung Province. An example of a female prefect would by Lady Qu[9] of Wuding (serving 1531-ca. 1557). Recent portrayals of prefects in modern popular culture include Jet Li’s portrayal of the nameless prefect in the movie Hero. Pre-modern Europe In Ancient Greece, publicly-owned slaves were used by magistrates as police. In Athens, a group of 300 Scythian slaves was used to guard public meetings to keep order and for crowd control, and also assisted with dealing with criminals, handling prisoners, and making arrests. Other duties associated with modern policing, such as investigating crimes, were left to the citizens themselves.[10] Before its decline, the Roman Empire had a relatively effective law enforcement system. When under the reign of Augustus the capital had grown to almost one million inhabitants, he created 14 wards, which were protected by seven squads of 1,000 men called "Vigiles," who guarded against fires and served as nightwatchmen. If necessary, they might have called the Praetorian Guard for assistance. Beginning in the 5th century, policing became a

function of clan chiefs and heads of state.[citation needed] The Anglo-Saxon system of maintaining public order since the Norman conquest was a private system of tithings, led by a constable, which was based on a social obligation for the good conduct of the others; more common was that local lords and nobles were responsible to maintain order in their lands, and often appointed a constable, sometimes unpaid, to enforce the law. European development Modern police in Europe has a precedent in the Hermandad, literally "brotherhood" in Spanish, a peacekeeping association of armed individuals, a characteristic of municipal life in medieval Spain, especially in Castile. As medieval Spanish kings were often unable to offer adequate protection, protective municipal leagues began to emerge in the 12th century against bandits and other rural criminals, as well as against the lawless nobility or to support a one or another claimant to the crown. These organisations were to be temporary, but became a long standing fixture of Spain. The first recorded case of the formation of an hermandad occurred when the towns and the peasantry of the north united to police the pilgrim road to Santiago in Galicia, and protect the pilgrims against robber knights. Throughout the Middle Ages such alliances were frequently formed by combinations of towns to protect the roads connecting them, and were occasionally extended to political purposes. They acted to some extent like the Fehmic courts of Germany. Among the most powerful was the league of North Castilian and Basque ports, the Hermandad de las Marismas: Toledo, Talavera, and Villa Real. As one of their first acts after the war of succession, Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Hermandad (Santa Hermandad) with themselves at the head. They adapted an existing hermandad to the purpose of a general police acting under officials appointed by themselves, and endowed with large powers of summary jurisdiction even in capital cases. The original hermandades continued to serve as modest local police units until their final suppression in 1835. In Western culture, the contemporary concept of a police paid by the government was developed by French legal scholars and practitioners in the 17th and early 18th centuries, notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police ("Treatise on the Police"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) was also an important theoretical formulation of police. The first police force in the modern sense was created by the government of King Louis XIV in 1667 to police the city of Paris, then the largest city in Europe. The royal edict, registered by the Parlement of Paris on March 15, 1667 created the office of lieutenant général de police ("lieutenant general of police"), who was to be the head of the new Paris police force, and defined the task of the police as "ensuring the peace and quiet of the public and of private individuals, purging the city of what may cause disturbances, procuring abundance, and having each and everyone live according to their station and their duties". This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns. As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft, the police had an economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographics concerns and of empowering the population, which, according to mercantilist theory, was to be the main strength of the state. Thus, its functions largely overreached simple law enforcement activities and included public health concerns, urban planning (which was important because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc.), and surveillance of prices.[11] Development of modern police was contemporary to the formation of the state, later defined by sociologist Max Weber as achieving a "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force" and which was primarily exercised by the police and the military. Marxist theory situates the development of the modern state as part of the rise of capitalism, in which the police are one component of the bourgeoisie's repressive apparatus for subjugating the working class. 19th century development After the French Revolution, Napoléon I reorganized the police in Paris and other cities with more than 5,000 inhabitants on February 17, 1800 as the Prefecture of Police. On March 12, 1829, a government decree created the first uniformed police in France, known as sergents de ville ("city sergeants"), which the Paris Prefecture of Police's website claims were the first uniformed policemen in the world.[12] New South Wales Police Force officers search the vehicle of a suspected drug smuggler at a border crossing. Wentworth, New South Wales, AustraliaIn the United Kingdom, the development of police forces was much slower than in the rest of Europe. The British police function was historically performed by private watchmen (existing from 1500 on), thief takers, and so on. The former were funded by private individuals and organisations and the latter by privately-funded rewards for catching criminals, who would then be compelled to return stolen property or pay restitution. In 1737, George II began paying some London and Middlesex watchmen with tax moneys, beginning the shift to government control. In 1750, Henry Fielding began organizing a force of quasi-professional constables. The Macdaniel affair added further impetus for a publicly-salaried police force that did not depend on rewards. Nonetheless, In 1828, there were privately financed police units in no fewer than 45 parishes within a 10-mile radius of London. The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, was "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Prior to the 19th century, the only official use of the word "police" recorded in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798 (set up to protect merchandise at the Port of London). Even today, many British police forces are suffixed with "Constabulary" rather than "Police". On June 30, 1800, the authorities of Glasgow, Scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the Glasgow Police Act establishing the City of Glasgow Police. This was the first professional police service in the country and differed from previous law enforcement in that it was a preventive police force. Other Scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament.[13] The first organized police force in Ireland came about through the Peace Preservation Act of 1814, but the Irish Constabulary Act of 1822 marked the true beginning of the Royal Irish Constabulary. Among its first duties was the forcible seizure of tithes during the "Tithe War" on behalf of the Anglican clergy from the mainly Catholic population as well as the Presbyterian minority. The Act established a force in each barony with chief constables and inspectors general under the control of the civil administration at Dublin Castle. By 1841 this force numbered over 8,600 men. The force had been rationalized and reorganized in an 1836 act and the first constabulary code of regulations was published in 1837. The discipline was tough and the pay poor. The police also faced unrest among the Irish rural poor, manifested in organizations like the Ribbonmen, which attacked landlords and their property. In London, night watchmen were the first paid law enforcement body in the country, augmenting the force of unpaid constables. They guarded the streets since 1663. On September 29, 1829, the Metropolitan Police Act was passed by Parliament, allowing Sir Robert Peel, the then home secretary, to found the London Metropolitan Police. "Albertine at the Police Doctor's Waiting Room", 1885-87 painting by the Norwegian writer and painter Christian Krohg illustrating his then very controversial novel Albertine about the life of a prostituteThese police are often referred to as ´Bobbies´ or 'Peelers' after Sir Robert (Bobby) Peel, who introduced the Police Act. They became a model for the police forces in most countries, such as the United States, and most of the British Empire. Bobbies can still be found in many parts of the Commonwealth of Nations. The primary role of the police in Britain was keeping the Queen's Peace, which continues into the present day.[14] In Canada, the Toronto Police was founded in 1834, making it one of the first municipal police departments in North America. It was followed in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. In the United States, the first organized police service was established in Boston in 1838, New York in 1844, and Philadelphia in 1854. However, in the Founding Era, and even well into the 20th century in some parts of the country, law enforcement was done by private citizens acting as militia.[citation needed] In Lebanon, modern police were established in 1861, with creation of the Gendarmerie.[15] In Australia with the passing of the Police Regulation Act, 1862, the New South Wales Police Force was established and essentially tightly regulated and centralised all of the police forces operating throughout the Colony of New South Wales. Personnel and organization In most Western police forces, perhaps the most significant division is between preventive (uniformed) police and detectives. Terminology varies from country to country. Police functions include protecting life and property, enforcing criminal law, criminal investigations, regulating traffic, crowd control, and other public safety duties. Uniformed police Brazilian Federal Highway Police at work.Preventive Police, also called Uniform Branch, Uniformed Police, Uniform Division, Administrative Police, Order Police, or Patrol, designates the police which patrol and respond to emergencies and other incidents, as opposed to detective services. As the name "uniformed" suggests, they wear uniforms and perform functions that require an immediate recognition of an officer's legal authority, such as traffic control, stopping and detaining motorists, and more active crime response and prevention. Preventive police almost always make up the bulk of a police service's personnel. In Australia and Britain, patrol personnel are also known as "general duties" officers.[16] Atypically, Brazil's preventive police are known as Military Police.[17] Detectives Police detectives are responsible for investigations and detective work. Detectives may be called Investigations Police, Judiciary/Judicial Police, and Criminal Police. In the UK, they are often referred to by the name of their department, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Detectives typically make up roughly 15%-25% of a police service's personnel. Detectives, in contrast to uniform police, typically wear 'business attire' in bureaucratic and investigative functions where a uniformed presence would be either a distraction or intimidating, but a need to establish police authority still exists. "Plainclothes" officers dress in attire consistent with that worn by the general public for purposes of blending in. In some cases, police are assigned to work "undercover", where they conceal their police identity to investigate crimes, such as organized crime or narcotics crime, that are unsolvable by other means. In some cases this type of policing shares aspects with espionage. Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of time, after which officers must transfer out or return to patrol duties.[citation needed] This is done in part based upon the perception that the most important and essential police work is accomplished on patrol in which officers become acquainted with their beats, prevent crime by their presence, respond to crimes in progress, manage crises, and practice their skills.[citation needed] Detectives, by contrast, usually investigate crimes after they have occurred and after patrol officers have responded first to a situation. Investigations often take weeks or months to complete, during which time detectives spend much of their time away from the streets, in interviews and courtrooms, for example. Rotating officers also promotes cross-training in a wider variety of skills, and serves to prevent "cliques" that can contribute to corruption or other unethical behavior. Auxiliary Police may also take on auxiliary administrative duties, such as issuing firearms licenses. The extent that police have these functions varies among countries, with police in France, Germany, and other continental European countries handling such tasks to a greater extent than British counterparts.[16] A pair of New York Police Department auxiliary officers on highway patrol duty Many law enforcement agencies have heavily armed units for dealing with dangerous situations, such as these U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers Specialized units Specialized preventive and detective groups exist within many law enforcement organizations either for dealing with particular types of crime, such as traffic law enforcement and crash investigation, homicide, or fraud; or for situations requiring specialized skills, such as underwater search, aviation, explosive device disposal ("bomb squad"), and computer crime. Most larger jurisdictions also employ specially-selected and trained quasi-military units armed with military-grade weapons for the purposes of dealing with particularly violent situations beyond the capability of a patrol officer response, including high-risk warrant service and barricaded suspects. In the United States these units go by a variety of names, but are commonly known as SWAT (Special Weapons And Tactics) teams. In counter insurgency type campaigns, select and specially trained units of police armed and equipped as light infantry have been designated as police field forces who perform paramilitary type patrols and ambushes whilst retaining their police powers in areas that were highly dangerous.[18] Because their situational mandate typically focuses on removing innocent bystanders from dangerous people and dangerous situations, not violent resolution, they are often equipped with non-lethal tactical tools like chemical agents, "flashbang" and concussion grenades, and rubber bullets. The London Metropolitan police's Specialist Firearms Command (CO19)[19] is a group of armed police used in dangerous situations including hostage taking, armed robbery/assault and terrorism. Military police Military police may refer to: a section of the military solely responsible for policing the armed forces (referred to as provosts) a section of the military responsible for policing in both the armed forces and in the civilian population (most gendarmeries, such as the French Gendarmerie) a section of the military solely responsible for policing the civilian population (such as the Romanian Gendarmerie) the civilian preventative police of a Brazilian state (Policia Militar) Varying jurisdictions Police forces are usually organized and funded by some level of government. The level of government responsible for policing varies from place to place, and may be at the national, regional or local level. In some places there may be multiple police forces operating in the same area, with different ones having jurisdiction according to the type of crime or other circumstances. For example in the UK policing is primarily the responsibility of a regional police force; however specialist units exist at the national level. In the US policing there is typically a state police force, but a municipality may have its own police force. National police agencies also have jurisdiction over serious crimes or those with an interstate component. In addition to conventional urban or regional police forces, there are other police forces with specialized functions or jurisdiction. In the United States, the federal government has a number of police forces with their own specialized jurisdictions. Some example are the Federal Protective Service, which patrols and protects government buildings; the postal police, which protect postal buildings, vehicles and items; the Park Police, which protect national parks, or Amtrak Police which patrol Amtrak stations and trains.. There are also some government agencies which perform police functions in addition to other duties. The U.S. Coast Guard carries out many police functions for boaters. In major cities, there may be a separate police agency for public transit systems, such as the New York City Port Authority Police or the MTA police, or for major government functions, such as sanitation, or environmental functions. A Police Service of Northern Ireland/Royal Ulster Constabulary barracks in Northern Ireland. The high walls are to protect against mortar bomb attacks. Global policing Policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead, especially as the international community seeks to develop the rule of law and reform security institutions in States recovering from conflict.[20] Armament and equipment In many jurisdictions, police officers carry firearms, primarily handguns, in the normal course of their duties. In the UK and Ireland, with the exception of specialist units, officers do not carry firearms. Police often have specialist units for handling armed offenders, and similar dangerous situations, and can (depending on local laws), in some extreme circumstances, call on the military (since Military Aid to the Civil Power is a role of many armed forces). Perhaps the most high-profile example of this was, in 1980 the Metropolitan Police handing control of the Iranian Embassy Siege to the Special Air Service. They can also be equipped with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, riot control agents, rubber bullets and electroshock weapons. The use of firearms or deadly force is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life, although some jurisdictions (such as Brazil) allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts. Police officers often carry handcuffs to restrain suspects. Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling easier dispatching of calls, criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds, and updating the officer's daily activity log and other required reports on a real-time basis. Other common pieces of police equipment include flashlights/torches, whistles, and police notebooks and "ticketbooks" or citations. Vehicles The black and white pattern of an LAPD Ford Crown Victoria patrol car. Old model New Zealand Police highway patrol vehicle Police boat on patrol in Australia 2008 Dodge Charger Police carMain article: Police car Police vehicles are used for detaining, patrolling and transporting. The common Police patrol vehicle is an improved four door sedan (saloon in British English). Police vehicles are usually marked with appropriate logos and are equipped with sirens and lightbars to aid in making others aware of police presence. Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some cities and counties have started using unmarked cars, or cars with minimal markings for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators, though this is controversial--New York State banned this practice in 1996 on the grounds that it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers.[21] Motorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to access, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where the motorcycle policeman can quickly clear a path for the escorted vehicle. Bicycle patrols are used in some areas because they allow for more open interaction with the public. In addition, their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot. Police departments utilize an array of specialty vehicles such as helicopters, watercraft, command post, vans, trucks, all terrain vehicles, motorcycles, and SWAT armored vehicles. Police Lenco Bearcat CBRNE Armored Rescue Vehicle Metropolitan Nashville Police SWAT Strategies The advent of the police car, two-way radio, and telephone in the early 20th century transformed policing into a reactive strategy that focused on responding to calls for service.[22] With this transformation, police command and control became more centralized. In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers.[23] O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department.[24] Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers.[25] During the professionalism era of policing, law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on crime prevention.[26] Anti-riot armoured vehicle of the police of the Canton of Vaud in Lausanne, SwitzerlandThe Kansas City Preventive Patrol study in the 1970s found this approach to policing to be ineffective. Patrol officers in cars were disconnected from the community, and had insufficient contact and interaction with the community.[27] In the 1980s and 1990s, many law enforcement agencies began to adopt community policing strategies, and others adopted problem-oriented policing. Broken windows policing was another, related approach introduced in the 1980s by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, who suggested that police should pay greater attention to minor "quality of life" offenses and disorderly conduct. This method was first introduced and made popular by New York City Mayor, Rudy Giuliani, in the early 1990s. The concept behind this method is simple: broken windows, graffiti, and other physical destruction or degradation of property, greatly increases the chances of more criminal activities and destruction of property. When criminals see the abandoned vehicles, trash, and deplorable property, they assume that authorities do not care and do not take active approaches to correct problems in these areas. Therefore, correcting the small problems prevents more serious criminal activity.[28] Building upon these earlier models, intelligence-led policing has emerged as the dominant philosophy guiding police strategy. Intelligence-led policing and problem-oriented policing are complementary strategies, both which involve systematic use of information.[29] Although it still lacks a universally accepted definition, the crux of intelligence-led policing is an emphasis on the collection and analysis of information to guide police operations, rather than the reverse.[30] Power restrictions ACT Police breath testing and command truck in Canberra AustraliaIn many nations, criminal procedure law has been developed to regulate officers' discretion, so that they do not arbitrarily or unjustly exercise their powers of arrest, search and seizure, and use of force. In the United States, Miranda v. Arizona led to the widespread use of Miranda warnings or constitutional warnings. Police in the United States are also prohibited from holding criminal suspects for more than a reasonable amount of time (usually 72 hours) before arraignment, using torture to extract confessions, using excessive force to effect an arrest, and searching suspects' bodies or their homes without a warrant obtained upon a showing of probable cause. Using deception for confessions is permitted, but not coercion. There are exceptions or exigent circumstances such as an articulated need to disarm a suspect or searching a suspect who has already been arrested (Search Incident to an Arrest). The Posse Comitatus Act severely restricts the use of the military for police activity, giving added importance to police SWAT units. British police officers are governed by similar rules, particularly those introduced under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE), but generally have greater powers. They may, for example, legally search any suspect who has been arrested, or their vehicles, home or business premises, without a warrant, and may seize anything they find in a search as evidence. All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects of police operations, such as a power to authorize a search of a suspect's house (section 18 PACE) by an officer of the rank of Inspector, or the power to authorize a suspect's detention beyond 24 hours by a Superintendent. Conduct and accountability This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009) Motorcycle of the Italian CarabinieriPolice services commonly include units for investigating crimes committed by the police themselves. These units are typically called Inspectorate-General, or in the USA, "internal affairs". In some countries separate organizations outside the police exist for such purposes, such as the British Independent Police Complaints Commission. Likewise, some state and local jurisdictions, for example, Springfield, Illinois[31] have similar outside review organizations. The Police Service of Northern Ireland is investigated by the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, an external agency set up as a result of the Patten report into policing the province. In the Republic of Ireland the Garda Síochána is investigated by the Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission, an independent force that replaced the Garda Complaints Board in May 2007. The Special Investigations Unit of Ontario, Canada, is one of only a few civilian agencies around the world responsible for investigating circumstances involving police and civilians that have resulted in a death, serious injury, or allegations of sexual assault. Lamborghini Gallardo of the Italian State Police Norwegian mounted policeman, Oslo A policeman riding a camel in Giza, Egypt Use of force Police forces also find themselves under criticism for their use of force, particularly deadly force. Specifically, tension increases when a police officer of one race harms or kills a suspect of another race.[citation needed] In the United States, such events occasionally spark protests and accusations of racism against police and allegations that police departments practice racial profiling. In the United States since the 1960s, concern over such issues has increasingly weighed upon law enforcement agencies, courts and legislatures at every level of government. Incidents such as the 1965 Watts Riots, the videotaped 1991 beating by Los Angeles Police officers of Rodney King, and the riot following their acquittal have been suggested by some people to be evidence that U.S. police are dangerously lacking in appropriate controls. The fact that this trend has occurred contemporaneously with the rise of the US civil rights movement, the "War on Drugs," and a precipitous rise in violent crime from the 1960s to the 1990s has made questions surrounding the role, administration and scope of police authority increasingly complicated.[citation needed] Police departments and the local governments that oversee them in some jurisdictions have attempted to mitigate some of these issues through community outreach programs and community policing to make the police more accessible to the concerns of local communities, by working to increase hiring diversity, by updating training of police in their responsibilities to the community and under the law, and by increased oversight within the department or by civilian commissions. In cases in which such measures have been lacking or absent, civil law suits have been brought by the United States Department of Justice against local law enforcement agencies, authorized under the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. This has compelled local departments to make organizational changes, enter into consent decree settlements to adopt such measures, and submit to oversight by the Justice Department.[32][citation needed] Protection of individuals The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled numerous times since 1856 that law enforcement officers have no duty to protect any individual, despite the motto "protect and serve". Their duty is to enforce the law in general. The first such case was in 1856 (South v. Maryland) and the most recent in 2005 (Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzales).[33] In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere into the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and where, without interference of the police, the realization of the private right would be impeded.[34] This would, for example, allow police to establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the inn-keeper in a case where the guest cannot pay the bill at nighttime because his wallet had just been stolen from the restaurant table. In addition, there are Federal Law Enforcement agencies in the United States whose mission includes providing protection for executives such as the President and accompanying family members, visiting foreign dignitaries, and other high-ranking individuals.[35] Such agencies include The United States Secret Service and the United States Park Police. International forces Main article: Law enforcement by country In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several police or police-like organizations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law. The United States has a highly decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement, with over 17,000 state and local law enforcement agencies.[36] Some countries, such as Chile, Israel, the Philippines, France, Austria, New Zealand and South Africa, use a centralized system of policing.[37] Other countries have multiple police forces, but for the most part their jurisdictions do not overlap. In the United States however, several different law enforcement agencies may have authority in a particular jurisdiction at the same time, each with their own command. Other countries where jurisdiction of multiple police agencies overlap, include Guardia Civil and the Policía Nacional in Spain , the Polizia di Stato and Carabinieri in Italy and the Police Nationale and Gendarmerie Nationale.[16] Most countries are members of the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), established to detect and fight trans-national crime and provide for international co-operation and co-ordination of other police activities, such as notifying relatives of the death of foreign nationals. Interpol does not conduct investigations nor arrests by itself, but only serves as a central point for information on crime, suspects and criminals. Political crimes are excluded from its competencies. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Police Look up police in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Chief of police Criminal justice Fraternal Order of Police Law enforcement agency Law enforcement and society Law enforcement by country The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc Police academy Police certificate Police state Police training officer Public administration Public Security Sheriff Lists List of basic law enforcement topics List of countries by size of police forces List of law enforcement agencies List of protective service agencies Police rank References ^ "police". http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=police&searchmode=none. Retrieved on 2007-02-08. ^ Dinsmor, Alastair (Winter 2003). "Glasgow Police Pioneers". The Scotia News. http://www.scotia-news.com/issue5/ISSUE05a.htm. Retrieved on 2007-01-10. ^ "History". Marine Support Unit. Metropolitan Police. http://www.met.police.uk/msu/history.htm. Retrieved on 2007-02-10. ^ "La Lieutenance Générale de Police". La Préfecture de Police fête ses 200 ans Juillet 1800 - Juillet 2000. http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo1.htm. ^ Brodeur, Jean-Paul; Eds., Kevin R. E. McCormick and Livy A. Visano (1992). ”High Policing and Low Policing: Remarks about the Policing of Political Activities,” Understanding Policing. Canadian Scholars’ Press. pp. 284–285, 295. ISBN 1-55130-005-2. ^ Walker, Samuel (1977). A Critical History of Police Reform: The Emergence of Professionalism. Lexington, MT: Lexington Books. pp. 143. ISBN 978-0-6690-1292-7. ^ Neocleous, Mark (2004). Fabricating Social Order: A Critical History of Police Power. Pluto Press. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-7453-1489-1. ^ Siegel, Larry J. (2005). Criminolgy. Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 515,516. [1] ^ Whittaker, Jake. "UC Davis East Asian Studies". University of California, Davis. . ^ Hunter, Virginia J. (1994). Policing Athens: Social Control in the Attic Lawsuits, 420-320 B.C.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 3. ISBN 978-1-4008-0392-7. http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5349.html. ^ Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population, 1977-78 course (published 2004) ^ Bicentenaire : theme_expo4 ^ Glasgow Police ^ Respect - Homepage ^ "Historical overview". Interior Security Forces (Lebanon). http://www.isf.gov.lb/English/LeftMenu/General+Info/History/. Retrieved on 2007-06-26. ^ a b c Bayley, David H. (1979). "Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies". Crime & Justice 1: pp. 109–143. doi:10.1086/449060. NCJ 63672. ^ PMMG ^ p.Davies, Bruce & McKay, Gary The Men Who Persevered:The AATTV 2005 Bruce & Unwin ^ formerly named SO19 "Metropolitan Police Service - Central Operations, Specialist Firearms unit (CO19)". Metropolitan Police Service. http://www.met.police.uk/co19/. Retrieved on 2008-08-04. ^ Top UN police, rule of law officials meet in Italy to discuss global policing ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E1DB1E39F93BA25757C0A960958260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/R/Roads%20and%20Traffic ^ Reiss Jr, Albert J. (1992). "Police Organization in the Twentieth Century". Crime and Justice 51: p. 51. doi:10.1086/449193. NCJ 138800. ^ "Finest of the Finest". TIME Magazine. February 18, 1966. http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899019,00.html. ^ "Guide to the Orlando Winfield Wilson Papers, ca. 1928-1972". Online Archive of California. http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf3v19n6s0&doc.view=entire_text. Retrieved on 2006-10-20. ^ "Chicago Chooses Criminologist to Head and Clean Up the Police". United Press International/The New York Times. February 22, 1960. ^ Kelling, George L., Mary A. Wycoff (December 2002). Evolving Strategy of Policing: Case Studies of Strategic Change. National Institute of Justice. NCJ 198029. ^ Kelling, George L., Tony Pate, Duane Dieckman, Charles E. Brown (1974). "The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment - A Summary Report" (PDF). Police Foundation. http://www.policefoundation.org/pdf/kcppe.pdf. ^ Kelling, George L., James Q. Wilson (March 1982). "Broken Windows" (subscription). Atlantic Monthly. http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/198203/broken-windows. ^ Tilley, Nick (2003). Problem-Oriented Policing, Intelligence-Led Policing and the National Intelligence Model. Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London. http://www.jdi.ucl.ac.uk/publications/short_reports/problem_oriented_policing.php. ^ "Intelligence-led policing: A Definition". Royal Canadian Mounted Police. http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/crimint/intelligence_e.htm. Retrieved on 2007-06-15. ^ Amanda Reavy. "Police review board gets started". The State Journal-Register Online. http://www.sj-r.com/sections/news/stories/112655.asp. ^ Walker, Samuel (2005). The New World of Police Accountability. Sage. pp. p. 5. ^ "Castle Rock v. Gonzales". Cornell University Law School. http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/04-278.ZS.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-21. ^ See e.g. § 1 section 2 of the Police Act of North Rhine-Westphalia:"Police Act of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia" (in German). polizei-nrw.de. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen. http://www1.polizei-nrw.de/im/Recht/Polizeigesetz/. Retrieved on 2008-08-10. ^ The United States Park Police Webpage, http://www.nps.gov/uspp ^ "Law Enforcement Statistics". Bureau of Justice Statistics. http://www.ojp.gov/bjs/lawenf.htm. Retrieved on 2007-05-23. ^ Das, Dilip K., Otwin Marenin (2000). Challenges of Policing Democracies: A World Perspective. Routledge. pp. p. 17. External links United Nations Police Division. 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2009 NCAA Basketball Tournament! List of NCAA Division 1 Teams & Coaches at 227!

America East Conference Albany - Will Brown Binghamton - Kevin Broadus Boston University - Dennis Wolff Hartford - Dan Leibovitz Maine - Ted Woodward New Hampshire - Bill Herrion Stony Brook - Steve Pikiell UMBC - Randy Monroe Vermont - Mike Lonergan 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! America East Conference

Atlantic 10 Conference Charlotte - Bobby Lutz Dayton - Brian Gregory Duquesne - Ron Everhart Fordham - Dereck Whittenburg George Washington - Karl Hobbs La Salle - John Giannini Rhode Island - Jim Baron Richmond - Chris Mooney St. Bonaventure - Mark Schmidt Saint Joseph's - Phil Martelli Saint Louis - Rick Majerus Temple - Fran Dunphy UMass - Derek Kellogg Xavier - Sean Miller 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Atlantic 10 Conference

Atlantic Coast Conference Boston College - Al Skinner Clemson - Oliver Purnell Duke - Mike Krzyzewski Florida State - Leonard Hamilton Georgia Tech - Paul Hewitt Maryland - Gary Williams Miami (Florida) - Frank Haith North Carolina - Roy Williams North Carolina State - Sidney Lowe Virginia - Dave Leitao Virginia Tech - Seth Greenberg Wake Forest - Dino Gaudio 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Atlantic Coast Conference

Atlantic Sun Conference Belmont - Rick Byrd Campbell - Robbie Laing East Tennessee State - Murry Bartow Florida Gulf Coast - Dave Balza Jacksonville - Cliff Warren Kennesaw State - Tony Ingle Lipscomb - Scott Sanderson Mercer - Bob Hoffman North Florida - Matt Kilcullen Stetson - Derek Waugh USC Upstate - Eddie Payne 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Atlantic Sun Conference

Big 12 Conference Baylor - Scott Drew Colorado - Jeff Bzdelik Iowa State - Greg McDermott Kansas - Bill Self Kansas State - Frank Martin Missouri - Mike Anderson Nebraska - Doc Sadler Oklahoma - Jeff Capel III Oklahoma State - Travis Ford Texas - Rick Barnes Texas A&M - Mark Turgeon Texas Tech - Pat Knight 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big 12 Conference

Big East Conference Cincinnati - Mick Cronin Connecticut - Jim Calhoun DePaul - Jerry Wainwright Georgetown - John Thompson III Louisville - Rick Pitino Marquette - Buzz Williams Notre Dame - Mike Brey Pittsburgh - Jamie Dixon Providence - Keno Davis Rutgers - Fred Hill St. John's - Norm Roberts Seton Hall - Bobby Gonzalez South Florida - Stan Heath Syracuse - Jim Boeheim Villanova - Jay Wright West Virginia - Bobby Huggins 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big East Conference Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

Big Sky Conference Eastern Washington - Kirk Earlywine Idaho State - Joe O'Brien Montana - Wayne Tinkle Montana State - Brad Huse Northern Arizona - Mike Adras Northern Colorado - Tad Boyle Portland State - Ken Bone Sacramento State - Brian Katz Weber State - Randy Rahe 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big Sky Conference

Big South Conference Charleston Southern - Barclay Radebaugh Coastal Carolina - Cliff Ellis Gardner-Webb - Rick Scruggs High Point - Bart Lundy Liberty - Ritchie McKay Presbyterian - Gregg Nibert Radford - Brad Greenberg UNC-Asheville - Eddie Biedenbach VMI - Duggar Baucom Winthrop - Randy Peele 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big South Conference

Big Ten Conference Illinois - Bruce Weber Indiana - Tom Crean Iowa - Todd Lickliter Michigan - John Beilein Michigan State - Tom Izzo Minnesota - Tubby Smith Northwestern - Bill Carmody Ohio State - Thad Matta Penn State - Ed DeChellis Purdue - Matt Painter Wisconsin - Bo Ryan 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big Ten Conference

Big West Conference Cal Poly - Kevin Bromley Cal State Fullerton - Bob Burton Cal State Northridge - Bobby Braswell Long Beach State - Dan Monson Pacific - Bob Thomason UC Davis - Gary Stewart UC Irvine - Pat Douglass UC Riverside - Jim Wooldridge UC Santa Barbara - Bob Williams 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Big West Conference

Colonial Athletic Association Delaware - Monte Ross Drexel - Bruiser Flint George Mason - Jim Larranaga Georgia State - Rod Barnes Hofstra - Tom Pecora James Madison - Matt Brady Northeastern - Bill Coen Old Dominion - Blaine Taylor Towson - Pat Kennedy UNC-Wilmington - Benny Moss Virginia Commonwealth - Anthony Grant William & Mary - Tony Shaver 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Colonial Athletic Association

Conference USA East Carolina - Mack McCarthy Houston - Tom Penders Marshall - Donnie Jones Memphis - John Calipari Rice - Ben Braun Southern Methodist - Matt Doherty Southern Mississippi - Larry Eustachy Tulane - Dave Dickerson Tulsa - Doug Wojcik UAB - Mike Davis UCF - Kirk Speraw UTEP - Tony Barbee 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Conference USA Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

Horizon League - Butler - Brad Stevens Cleveland State - Gary Waters Detroit - Ray McCallum Loyola (Chicago) - Jim Whitesell UIC - Jimmy Collins UW-Green Bay - Tod Kowalczyk UW-Milwaukee - Rob Jeter Valparaiso - Homer Drew Wright State - Brad Brownell Youngstown State - Jerry Slocum 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Horizon League

Independents Bryant - Tim O'Shea Cal State Bakersfield - Keith Brown Chicago State - Benjy Taylor Houston Baptist - Ron Cottrell Longwood - Mike Gillian New Jersey Institute of Technology - Jim Engles North Carolina Central - Henry Dickerson Savannah State - Horace Broadnax SIU-Edwardsville - Lennox Forrester Texas-Pan American - Tom Schuberth Utah Valley - Dick Hunsaker 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! NCAA Division I independent schools (basketball)

Ivy League Brown - Jesse Agel Columbia - Joe Jones Cornell - Steve Donahue Dartmouth - Terry Dunn Harvard - Tommy Amaker Penn - Glen Miller Princeton - Sydney Johnson Yale - James Jones 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Ivy League

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference Canisius - Tom Parrotta Fairfield - Ed Cooley Iona - Kevin Willard Loyola (Maryland) - Jimmy Patsos Manhattan - Barry Rohrssen Marist - Chuck Martin Niagara - Joe Mihalich Rider - Tommy Dempsey St. Peter's - John Dunne Siena - Fran McCaffery 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mid-American Conference

Mid-American Conference Akron – Keith Dambrot Ball State – Billy Taylor Bowling Green – Louis Orr Buffalo – Reggie Witherspoon Central Michigan – Ernie Ziegler Eastern Michigan – Charles Ramsey Kent State – Geno Ford Miami – Charlie Coles Northern Illinois – Ricardo Patton Ohio – John Groce Toledo – Gene Cross Western Michigan – Steve Hawkins 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mid-American Conference

Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Bethune-Cookman - Clifford Reed Coppin State - Ron Mitchell Delaware State - Greg Jackson Florida A&M - Mike Gillespie Hampton - Kevin Nickelberry Howard - Gil Jackson Maryland-Eastern Shore - Meredith Smith Morgan State - Todd Bozeman Norfolk State - Anthony Evans North Carolina A&T - Jerry Eaves South Carolina State - Tim Carter Winston-Salem State - Bobby Collins 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

Missouri Valley Conference Bradley - Jim Les Creighton - Dana Altman Drake - Mark Phelps Evansville - Marty Simmons Illinois State - Tim Jankovich Indiana State - Kevin McKenna Missouri State - Cuonzo Martin Northern Iowa - Ben Jacobson Southern Illinois - Chris Lowery Wichita State - Gregg Marshall 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Missouri Valley Conference

Mountain West Conference Air Force - Jeff Reynolds Brigham Young - Dave Rose Colorado State - Tim Miles New Mexico - Steve Alford San Diego State - Steve Fisher Texas Christian - Neil Dougherty UNLV - Lon Kruger Utah - Jim Boylen Wyoming - Heath Schroyer 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Mountain West Conference

Northeast Conference Central Connecticut State - Howie Dickenman Fairleigh Dickinson - Tom Green LIU-Brooklyn - Jim Ferry Monmouth - Dave Calloway Mount St. Mary's - Milan Brown Quinnipiac - Tom Moore Robert Morris - Mike Rice Jr. Sacred Heart - Dave Bike St. Francis (PA) - Don Friday St. Francis (NY) - Brian Nash Wagner - Mike Deane 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Northeast Conference

Ohio Valley Conference Austin Peay - Dave Loos Eastern Illinois - Mike Miller Eastern Kentucky - Jeff Neubauer Jacksonville State - James Green Morehead State - Donnie Tyndall Murray State - Billy Kennedy Southeast Missouri - Zac Roman Tennessee-Martin - Bret Campbell Tennessee State - Cy Alexander Tennessee Tech - Mike Sutton 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Ohio Valley Conference

Pacific-10 Conference Arizona - Russ Pennell Arizona State - Herb Sendek California - Mike Montgomery Oregon - Ernie Kent Oregon State - Craig Robinson Stanford - Johnny Dawkins UCLA - Ben Howland USC - Tim Floyd Washington - Lorenzo Romar Washington State - Tony Bennett 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Pacific-10 Conference

Patriot League American - Jeff Jones Army - Jim Crews Bucknell - Dave Paulsen Colgate - Emmett Davis Holy Cross - Ralph Willard Lafayette - Fran O'Hanlon Lehigh - Brett Reed Navy - Billy Lange 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Patriot League

Southeastern Conference Alabama - Philip Pearson Arkansas - John Pelphrey Auburn - Jeff Lebo Florida - Billy Donovan Georgia - Pete Herrmann Kentucky - Billy Gillispie LSU - Trent Johnson Mississippi - Andy Kennedy Mississippi State - Rick Stansbury South Carolina - Darrin Horn Tennessee - Bruce Pearl Vanderbilt - Kevin Stallings 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southeastern Conference

Southern Conference Appalachian State - Houston Fancher Chattanooga - John Shulman The Citadel - Ed Conroy College of Charleston - Bobby Cremins Davidson - Bob McKillop Elon - Ernie Nestor Furman - Jeff Jackson Georgia Southern - Jeff Price Samford - Jimmy Tillette UNC-Greensboro - Mike Dement Western Carolina - Larry Hunter Wofford - Mike Young 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southern Conference Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

Southland Conference Central Arkansas - Rand Chappell Lamar - Steve Roccaforte McNeese State - Dave Simmons Nicholls State - J. P. Piper Northwestern State - Mike McConathy Sam Houston State - Bob Marlin Southeastern Louisiana - Jim Yarbrough Stephen F. Austin - Danny Kaspar Texas A&M-Corpus Christi - Perry Clark Texas-Arlington - Scott Cross Texas-San Antonio - Brooks Thompson Texas State - Doug Davalos 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southland Conference

Southwestern Athletic Conference Alabama A&M - L. Vann Pettaway Alabama State - Lewis Jackson Alcorn State - Samuel West Arkansas-Pine Bluff - George Ivory Grambling State - Larry Wright Jackson State - Tevester Anderson Mississippi Valley State - Sean Woods Prairie View A&M - Byron Rimm II Southern - Rob Spivery Texas Southern - Tony Harvey 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Southwestern Athletic Conference

The Summit League Centenary - Greg Gary IPFW - Dane Fife IUPUI - Ron Hunter North Dakota State - Saul Phillips Oakland - Greg Kampe Oral Roberts - Scott Sutton South Dakota State - Scott Nagy Southern Utah - Roger Reid UMKC - Matt Brown Western Illinois - Derek Thomas 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! The Summit League

Sun Belt Conference Arkansas-Little Rock - Steve Shields Arkansas State - Dickey Nutt Denver - Joe Scott Florida Atlantic - Mike Jarvis Florida International - Sergio Rouco Louisiana-Lafayette - Robert Lee Louisiana-Monroe - Orlando Early Middle Tennessee - Kermit Davis New Orleans - Joe Pasternack North Texas - Johnny Jones South Alabama - Ronnie Arrow Troy - Don Maestri Western Kentucky - Ken McDonald 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Sun Belt Conference

West Coast Conference Gonzaga - Mark Few Loyola Marymount - Rodney Tention Pepperdine - Vance Walberg Portland - Eric Reveno Saint Mary's - Randy Bennett San Diego - Bill Grier San Francisco - Rex Walters Santa Clara - Kerry Keating 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! West Coast Conference

Western Athletic Conference Boise State - Greg Graham Fresno State - Steve Cleveland Hawai?i - Bob Nash Idaho - Don Verlin Louisiana Tech - Kerry Rupp Nevada - Mark Fox New Mexico State - Marvin Menzies San Jose State - George Nessman Utah State - Stew Morrill 227's NCAA Basketball Tournament! Western Athletic Conference Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

227's YouTube "Chili!"

2Pac 50 Cent A Adam Tensta Akon Aaliyah Ashanti Andre 3000 B Bow Wow Bobby Valentino Beyonce Bone Thugs n Harmony Birdman (rapper) Busta Rhymes Bobby Fischer C Chris Brown Cherish Cassidy Chingy Chamillionaire Christina Milian Chrisette Michele Cashis Ciara Cypress Hill Calzone Mafia Cuban Link D Destiny's Child DJ Clue Demetri Montaque Danity Kane Day 26 Donnie D12 DJ Khaled Dr. Dre E E-40 Eminem Eazy-E F Fabolous Flo Rida Fat Joe Frankie J G G-Unit The Game H Hurricane Chris I Ice Cube J Jay-Z J.R. Rotem J Holiday Jordan Sparks K Kanye West Kelly Rowland keri hilson The Kreators L Lil' Kim Lil' Mo Lil Jon Lil Mama Lloyd Banks Lil Wayne Ludacris Lloyd Lil Mama Lil Eazy-E Leona lewis M MC Hammer Mike Shorey MF Doom Mariah Carey Mario Mary J. Blige N Ne-Yo Nate Dogg Niia N.W.A. Notorious B.I.G. Nas Nick Cannon Nelly Necro O Olivia Omarion Obie Trice Old Dirty Bastard P Public Enemy Plies P Diddy pink Pharcyde Q R Red Cafe Run DMC Ray J R Kelly Rihanna Rick Ross (rapper) S Sean Combs Sean Kingston Snoop Dogg Stargate Sean Garrett Suge Knight Soulja Boy Tell 'Em Stat Quo shakira T The Notorious B.I.G. Tupac Shakur Trina Tyrese T-Pain Three 6 Mafia T.I. Too Phat U Usher V V.I.C. W Warren G Wyclef Jean Wu Tang Clan will.i.am X Xzibit Y Young Jeezy Yung Berg Z

New at 227:

227's YouTube "Chili"-T.O."Terrell Owens" http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_t_o_terrell_owens_workout_reality_tv_nfl.html
227's YouTube "Chili"-Kristinia DeBarge "Goodbye" (NBA)! Kristinia DeBarge Songs/Kristinia DeBarge Hits/Kristinia DeBarge Lyrics/Kristinia DeBarge Remix/Kristinia DeBarge CD/Kristinia DeBarge at 227! http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_kristinia_debarge_music_goodbye_lyrics_mtv.html
http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/u_tube_kristinia_debarge_goodbye_lyrics_nba_itunes.html
227's YouTube "Chili"-"Mulan"-Walt Disney (NBA)! Mulan Songs/Mulan Musical Hits/Mulan Animation/Mulan Cartoon Movie! http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_mulan_walt_disney_make_man_out_of_you_song.html
227's YouTube "Chili"-Kevin Federline (NBA) "Exclusive Kevin Federline Interview"/Kevin Federline, Britney Spears Interview/Kevin Federline Music! http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/utube_kevin_federline_exclusive_interview_britney.html
227's Reality TV Tube (NBA)! http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_reality_tv_variety_et_online_hollywood_mtv.html
227's "Hollywood" (NBA) Entertainment (YouTube "Chili")! http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_hollywood_entertainment_et_online_reporter.html
227's YouTube "Chili"-Jordan McCoy (NBA)-"American Juniors"/Jordan McCoy "Beyonce" Acoustic/Rihanna Acoustic/Britney Spears Acoustic/Jordan McCoy at 227! http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_jordan_mccoy_american_juniors_nba_acoustic.html
http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/u_tube_jordan_mccoy_diddy_just_watch_me_big_girls.html

227's YouTube "Chili" Classics!

227's YouTube "TKO (Boxing)"-Floyd Mayweather Jr." http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_tko_floyd_mayweather_jr_boxing_ring_champ.html
227's YouTube "TKO" Boxing-Floyd Mayweather Jr.-WrestleMania XXIV 227's YouTube "TKO" Boxing-Floyd Mayweather Jr.-List of WBC world champions 227's YouTube "TKO" Boxing-Floyd Mayweather Jr.-Roger Mayweather 227's YouTube "TKO" Boxing-Floyd Mayweather Jr.-Manny Pacquiao 227's YouTube "TKO" Boxing-Floyd Mayweather Jr.-Ricky Hatton 227's YouTube "TKO" Boxing-Floyd Mayweather Jr.-Juan Manuel Márquez

Michael Jackson Bing Crosby U.S. The Beatles AC/DC ABBA Alla Bee Gees Bob Marley Celine Dion Cliff Richard The Drifters Elton John Herbert von Karajan Julio Iglesias Led Zeppelin Madonna Mariah Carey Elvis Presley Nana Mouskouri Pink Floyd The Rolling Stones Tino Rossi Wei Wei

Adriano Celentano Aerosmith Backstreet Boys Barry White Billy Joel Bon Jovi Boney M. The Carpenters Charles Aznavour Cher Chicago Dave Clark Five David Bowie Deep Purple Depeche Mode Dire Straits Dolly Parton The Eagles Electric Engelbert Humperdinck Fats Domino Fleetwood Mac The Four Seasons Frank Sinatra Garth Brooks Genesis George Michael Guns N' Roses James Last The Jackson 5 Janet Jackson Johnny Hallyday Kenny Rogers Lionel Richie Luciano Pavarotti Metallica Michiya Mihashi Mireille Mathieu Modern Talking Neil Diamond Olivia Newton-John Patti Page Paul McCartney Perry Como Pet Shop Boys Phil Collins Prince Queen Ricky Nelson Roberto Carlos Rod Stewart Salvatore Adamo Status Quo Stevie Wonder Teresa Teng Tina Turner Tom Jones U2 Valeriya The Ventures Whitney Houston The Who

Annie Lennox B'z Britney Spears Carlos Santana Dalida Earth, Wind & Fire Eddy Arnold Eminem Eurythmics Gloria Estefan Hibari Misora Journey Scorpions Van Halen Ace of Base Alan Jackson Country Alice Cooper Hard rock Andrea Bocelli Opera The Andrews Sisters Swing Ayumi Hamasaki Pop Black Sabbath Heavy metal Barbra Streisand Pop / Adult contemporary Beach Boys Rock Pop Bob Dylan Folk / Rock Bob Seger Rock Boston Arena rock Boyz II Men R&B Bruce Springsteen Rock Bryan Adams Def Leppard Destiny's Child R&B / Pop Dreams Come True Pop / Jazz Duran Duran Enya Ireland Four Tops George Strait Glay Iron Maiden Jay-Z Hip hop Jean Michel Jarre Jethro Tull Johnny Cash Kazuhiro Moriuchi Kiss Hard rock Kenny G Kylie Minogue Luis Miguel Linkin Park Meat Loaf Michael Bolton Mills Brothers Mötley Crüe Mr.Children Nat King Cole New Kids on the Block Nirvana 'N Sync Oasis Orhan Gencebay Pearl Jam Petula Clark Red Hot Chili Peppers The Police Ray Conniff Reba McEntire R.E.M. Richard Clayderman Ricky Martin Robbie Williams Roxette Sweden Shakira Colombia
The Seekers Australia Spice Girls Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers Tony Bennett T.Rex UB40 Vicente Fernandez Village People Willie Nelson Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

YouTube T.I. YouTube Christina Aguilera-"Chili" YouTube AC/DC-"cHiLi" YouTube Jay-Z "CHILI!" 227's-T-Pain! YouTube Chili!-The BEATLES! YouTube T.I. ReD HoT ChiLi PePpers! 227's-"Guns N Roses" ReD HoT ChiLi PePpers! 227's-Paris Hilton YouTube "ChiLi'-Beyonce Music Videos! YouTube "ChiLi'-Beyonce! 227's-Pussycat Dolls "J-Lo" Jennifer Lopez! YouTube "ChiLi'-Beyonce! YouTube Christina Aguilera Music Videos-"Chili" YouTube "cHiLi"-Chris Brown! uTube Country Taters! YouTube "cHiLi"-Chris Brown! YouTube "CHiLi"-Chris Brown! 227's YouTube NBA-Animation 227's-Miley Cyrus YouTube Jay-Z Music Videos! YouTube Jay-Z Music Videos! YouTube "ChiLi"-The Beatles! u Tube "Chili"-The Beatles! YouTube-The "Beatles!" Katy Perry "Hot N Cold" High-School Musical 50 Cent "Candy Shop" Miss Teen USA 2007 YouTube Evolution of Dance Video Break Dance Video

227's MLB-"HomeRun!" * 227's MLB-"HomeRun!" * 227's MLB-"HomeRun!" * 227's MLB-"HomeRun!" * 227's MLB-"HomeRun!"
Barry Bonds Jackie Robinson Rickey Henderson Hank Aaron Willie Mays Ken Griffey, Jr. Ozzie Smith Alex Rodriguez Bob Costas Tim Raines Cal Ripken, Jr. Sandy Koufax Pete Rose Lou Gehrig Babe Ruth Carl Yastrzemski Reggie Jackson 1994 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Jim Rice Joe Torre Ichiro Suzuki Greg Gumbel Vin Scully

227's Street Entertainment/Marketing * 227's Free Throw Challege * 227's FAQ! * Hoops 227 Club * 227's Sponsorship Hall of Fame! * Boise Polls! * Basketball Coupons/Savings * Boise Ads for Consumers! * Hoops 227 Ad Purchase * Sponsorship Opportunities & Money Savings! * 227's Global Basketball Directory * Boise Business Listing! * Great Coupons/Savings! * 227's NBA @ eBay! * NBA Bounce! * 227's YouTube Academic-The Ivy League Universities & Colleges! * 227's NBA Basketball Logos! * 227's UtuBe "Iceman George Gervin! * 227's WNBA Basketball! * 227's YouTube-Clyde "The Glide" Drexler! * eBasketball Assignments! * 227's eBasketball Class! * NBA-MVP Articles! * 227's YouTuBe NBA! * Hoops 227 Phoneraiser! * 227's Multimedia! * Hoops 227 Catalog! * 227's Video Arcade Games! * NBDL Bounce * 227's Homeless Project! * 227's Academic Forums for Kids! * Book Club 227! * 227's Collegiate Forum Speeches! * Recommend 227's Everything Basketball Website! * 227's Free School Suppies (Skool Stuff Giveaway)! * Hoops 227-Prep Basketball! * Hoops 227-Idaho Preps! * Join 227's eMail list! * 227's T-Shirt Entreprenuers * Hoops 227 T-Shirts! * Basketball Camp Registration! * Top NCAA Basketball Teams (Articles of NCAA Basketball)! * Jimmy V Foundation * Radio Stations * Yo Murphy * NBA All Stars! * Wilt Chamberlain * NBA Basketball (NBA Bounce)! * NCAA Basketball (NCAA Bounce)! * Boise's Soul Food Extravaganza! * Hoops 227-Multimedia * Hoops 227 Play Diagrams! * 227's Spiderman Catalog! * 227's Spiderman Catalog! * 227's Spiderman Catalog! * "The Hulk" Catalog * NCAA Basketball (NCAA Swish)! * NBA Jerseys (Throwbacks)! * 227's NFL-EA Sports! * Maryland Basketball * Kansas Basketball * NCAA Basketball uTuBe! * 227's uTuBe Chili-Fiction Blogs!

KBSU Radio * Boise Stallions Football! * KTIK 1350 Radio * Miss Idaho Teen USA! * Boise Weekly * Kristine Sutherland * KQFC 98 FM * KIZN Kissin' 92.3 FM * Boise County!  * Radio Stations in Idaho! * Idaho! * Anthony Thomas...Boise State's Great Point Guard! * Hyde Park, Boise, Idaho * Media in Boise! * Boise, Idaho Temple! * Boise, Idaho! * BSU's Kyle Wilson: Bronco Nagurski Trophy Watch List! * Boise Soul Food Extravaganza! * St.Luke's Women's Fitness Celebration * Jamaal Al-Din to complete B.A. Degree at Boise State University! * Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227 and The ESPN Coaches Fundraiser! * Basketball Camps In Boise/Treasure Valley, Idaho * Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- 2nd Annual Summer Basketball Camp * 227's KTVB.Com (Idaho's NewsChannel 7) * 227's 2NewsTv.com (KBCI Channel 2 News) * 227's KIVI.com (Channel 6 News) * 227's KTRV.com (Fox 12 News) * Helping the Boise Homeless with Interfaith Sanctuary * A Meeting with Vincent Kituku! * Kidz and Coats at Ogata Chiropractic! * Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227 Summer Basketball Camp * Free T-Shirts! * Treasure Valley Homecourt YMCA Gets Showers! * The Favorites of our Boise/Meridian/Treasure Valley YMCA * The Treasure Valley YMCA Strong Kids Campaign * Basketball Camps In Boise/Treasure Valley, Idaho *  Hoops Basketball Club 227 *  The Treasure Valley YMCA Strong Kids Campaign * JAMAAL AL-DIN'S HOOPS 227 and Free T-Shirts!

New Feature at 227: 227's FameFifteen News!
FameFifteen is a Boise, Idaho based website with news, features and videos on Boise's "Famous" (LOL!) Check it out- FameFifteen!

227's Boise Taters!

Julia Davis Park 2007 Hawai'i Bowl Ada County, Idaho Treasure Valley, Idaho Idaho City, Idaho 2007 Fiesta Bowl Borah High School Taco Bell Arena Grand Army of the Republic Hall (Boise, Idaho) Boise State Broncos football seasons J. W. Robinson National Interagency Fire Center  The Egyptian Theatre (Boise, Idaho)  2008 Boise State Broncos football  Media in Boise, Idaho  2007 Boise State Broncos football

Media of Boise...KTVB Idaho's Newschannel 7 with Doug Petcash, Dee Sarton, Maggie O'Mara, Carolyn Holly, Mark Johnson (sports) & Larry Gebert (weather)!

Media of Boise...KTRV Fox 12 with Shannon Paterson, Shayne Wells, Tami Tremblay, Dan Hamilton, Allison Warren, David Sleater, Christen Buckner, Jennifer Ganzalez, Nate Kuester and Ron O'Brien!

Media of Boise...KIVI Channel 6 with Don Nelson, Michelle Edmonds, Mellisa Paul, Michelle Stark, Lincoln Graves, Shane Johnson, Kelsey Minor, Rebecca Swart, Hanna Naito, Scott Dorval (weather), Joe Hughes and Randy "Makin It Rain" Simon (sports)!

Media of Boise...KBCI Channel 2 Eyewitness News with Natalie Hurst, Mike Murad, Adam Rodriguez, Kim Bartlett, Blake McCoy, Scott Logan, Paul Fredericks, Kiersten Throndsen, Nicole Navarro, Callie Zanandrie, Vanessa Brown, Brian Carrington, Jennifer Robbins, Jon Aaron (weather), J Bates and Troy Oppie (sports)!
Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

Atlantic Stone Products, Inc.

As we look to expand basketball marketing, camps and clinics nationally, our basketball affiliate programs are scheduled to begin in March of 2008. Our affiliates, exciting, take a look at this list:  ebay, StubHub.com, Yahoo Affiliate Program!, TickCo Premium Seating, RazorGator Affiliate Program, SightSell, VistaPrint.com, Pokeorder and WeHaveSeats.com. Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227 welcomes our affiliate partners for 2008. Among the items offered our NCAA & NBA basketball tickets both premium and discounted rates. Basketball shoes and apparel for kids, fans, players and coaches ranging from Air Jordans, LeBron James, NIKE, Adidas, AND1, hats, collectibles and memoralbilia! Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- The everything basketball website!

Jamaal Al-Din
jamaaalj@boise.usa.com
(208) 340-1839

227's You Tube- "Jordan" * 227's U Tube- "Magic" Johnson * 227's You Tube- Dominique! * 227's U Tube-NBA * 227's YouTube-NBA Dance Teams (Cheerleaders)! * 227's You Tube- And1 * 227's YouTube- Vince Carter! * 227's UTube-Dwight Howard * 227's YouTube-Dunks! * 227's You Tube Basketball Training *  227's U Tube-NCAA Basketball Moments! * 227's You Tube Virtual Basketball Clinics * 227's YouTube -"Shooting"

227's NBA-Bounce!

227's Atlanta Hawks-Bounce!   *   227's Boston Celtics-Bounce!   * 227's Charlotte Hornets-Bounce! *   227's Chicago Bulls-Bounce!    *   227's Cleveland Cavaliers-Bounce!   *   227's Dallas Mavaricks Bounce!   *   227's Denver Nuggets Bounce!   *   227's Detroit Pistons-Bounce!   *   227's Golden State Warriors-Bounce!   *   227's Houston Rockets-Bounce!   227's Indiana Pacers-Bounce!   *   227's Los Angeles Clippers-Bounce!   *   227's Los Angeles Lakers-Bounce!   *   227's Memphis Grizzlies-Bounce!   *   227's Miami Heat-Bounce!   *   227's Milwaukee Bucks-Bounce!   *   227's Minnesota Timberwolves-Bounce!   *   227's New Jersey Nets-Bounce!   *   227's New Orleans Hornets-Bounce!   *   227's New York Knicks-Bounce!   *   227's Orlando Magic-Bounce!   *   227's Philadelphia 76ers-Bounce!   *   227's Phoenix Suns-Bounce!   *   227's Portland Trail Blazers-Bounce!   *   227's Sacramento Kings-Bounce! *   227's San Antonio Spurs-Bounce!   *   227's Oklahoma City   *   227's Toronto Raptors Bounce!   *   227's Utah Jazz-Bounce!   *   227's Washington Wizards-Bounce!

Coach Jamaal Al-Din, owner of Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227 covers interesting facts, features and news of every team in the NBA including the:

Atlanta Hawks   Boston Celtics    Charlotte Bobcats   Chicago Bulls   Cleveland Cavaliers   Dallas Mavericks   Denver Nuggets   Detroit Pistons   Golden State Warriors   Houston Rockets   Indiana Pacers   Los Angeles Clippers   Los Angeles Lakers   Memphis Grizzlies   Miami Heat   Milwaukee Bucks   Minnesota Timberwolves   New Jersey Nets   New Orleans Hornets   New York Knicks   Orlando Magic   Philadelphia 76ers   Phoenix Suns Tickets   Portland Trail Blazers   Sacramento Kings   San Antonio Spurs   Seattle SuperSonics (OKC)    Toronto Raptors   Utah Jazz   Washington Wizards

NBA Cities and Travel:
Atlanta, GA * Boston, MA * Charlotte, NC * Chicago, IL * Cleveland, OH * Dallas, TX * Denver, CO * Detroit, MI * Oakland, CA * Houston, TX * Indianapolis, IN * Los Angeles, CA * Memphis, TN * Miami, FL * Milwaukee, WI * Minneapolis, MN * East Rutherford, NJ * New Orleans, LA * New York, NY * Orlando, FL * Philadelphia, PA * Phoenix, AZ * Portland, OR  * Sacramento, CA * San Antonio, TX * Oklahoma City, OK * Toronto, Canada * Salt Lake City, UT  * Washington, D.C.

227's Sony PlayStation 2-NBA! * 227's XBOX-NBA! * 227's Sony PlayStation 3-NBA! * 227's XBOX-NBA! * 227's PlayStation Jam! * GameFly PlayStation Video Games-Free Trial! * GameFly PS2 & PS3 Video Games-Free Trial! * GameCube & Gameboy Video Games-Free Trial! * Nintendo 64 * 227's Nintendo Video Games from GameFly! * 227's Nintendo Series featuring GameCube & Gameboy! * Nintendo Wii at 227! * 227's NFL-EA Sports! * 227's PlayStation Jam! * Nintendo 64 * Nintendo 64
Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!
Dakota Wizards * Sioux Falls Skyforce * Iowa Energy * Fort Wayne Mad Ants * Austin Toros * Erie Bayhawks * Colorado 14ers  * Tulsa 66ers * Albuquerque Thunderbirds * Rio Grande Valley Vipers * Reno Big Horns * Idaho Stampede  * Los Angeles D-Fenders * Bakersfield Jam * Anaheim Arsenal * Utah Flash

New Features at 227:
227's College Campus * 227's College Campus *  227's College Campus -Stubhub tickets to college sporting events, and a complete list of colleges and universities in the United States, including Puerto Rico and Canada at Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website! 227's College Campus
227's NFL Football- Stubhub NFL Football tickets, as well as updated NFL news and information at Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website!

227's Dallas Cowboys * 227's Indianapolis Colts * 227's Green Bay Packers * 227's New York Giants * 227's New England Patriots * 227's Baltimore Ravens * 227's Carolina Panthers * 227's Arizona Cardinals * 227's Oakland Raiders * 227's Kansas City Chiefs * 227's Pittsburgh Steelers * 227's San Diego Chargers * 227's Houston Texans * 227's Tampa Bay Buccaneers * 227's Chicago Bears * 227's Buffalo Bills * 227's Cleveland Browns * 227's Minnesota Vikings * 227's Philadelphia Eagles * 227's St. Louis Rams * 227's San Francisco 49ers * 227's Cincinnati Bengals * 227's Tennessee Titans * 227's New York Jets * 227's Miami Dolphins * 227's New Orleans Saints * 227's Atlanta Falcons

227's MLB Baseball- Stubhub MLB Baseball tickets, as well as updated MLB Baseball news and information at Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website!

227's New York Yankees * 227's Detroit Tigers * 227's Los Angeles Dodgers * 227's Chicago Cubs * 227's Boston Red Sox * 227's Kansas City Royals * 227's New York Mets * 227's Toronto Blue Jays * 227's Cincinnati Reds * 227's Seattle Mariners * 227's Atlanta Braves * 227's Philadelphia Phillies *  227's Florida Marlins * 227's Oakland Athletics *  227's Pittsburgh Pirates * 227's Cleveland Indians * 227's Texas Rangers * 227's San Diego Padres  *  227's Houston Astros * 227's San Francisco Giants * 227's Tampa Bay Rays * 227's Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim * 227's Arizona Diamondbacks * 227's Colorado Rockies * 227's Minnesota Twins * 227's St. Louis Cardinals *  227's Washignton Nationals * 227's Baltimore Orioles * 227's Chicago White Sox * 227's Montreal Expos * 227's Milwaukee Brewers

227's Animation Series on YouTube! * 227's Animation Videos * 227's Animation World * 227's Animation Cartoons * 227's Animation Kingdom * 227's Animation Videos * 227's Animationa Series on YouTube! * 227's Animation Cartoons

227's LinkTime- provides navigational links to basketball webpages throught the Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227, everything basketball website!

New at 227:
Star Wars! DVDs & CDs! BUCKLE! FUBU! Kenneth Cole! MUDD Jeans! Levi's! Sean John! Perry Ellis! Roca Wear! Nike! Adidas! Dolce Gabbana! Eddie Bauer! Body Glove Water Sports! Christian Dior! Joe Boxer! FILA! Lacoste!

227's YouTube-Africa * 227's YouTube Japan  * 227's YouTube-China * 227's YouTube Canada * 227's YouTube Australia * 227's YouTube France 227's YouTube-Germany * 227's YouTube-Italy * 227's YouTube-Russia * 227's YouTube-United Kingdom * 227's YouTube-Mexico

227's Boise TV Tube!!!   *   227's Boise TV Tube!!!

227's uTuBe CHili-UFC "Ultimate Fighting Championship!" Featuring Kimbo Slice, Tito Ortiz, Seth Petruzelli and all of UFC's most exciting fighters!

227's YouTuBe-"Geo" graphic! * 227's YouTube-"Geo" graphic!

227's YouTube Chili-Political! Featuring Barack Obama & JohnMcCain

Music Artists at 227's You Tube Chili!!  / 227's U Tube Chilii! / 227's YouTube- Chiliii!:
YouTuBe "Chili!" * YouTube "Chili!" * YouTuBe "Chili!"

227's LinkTime-Chili!!! provides navigational 227 YouTube "Chili!" links to exciting music & entertainment video webpages throught the Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227, everything basketball website!

227's eBay Atlanta Hawks * 227's eBay Boston Celtics * 227's eBay Detroit Pistons * 227's eBay Cleveland Cavaliers * 227's eBay Dallas Mavericks * 227's eBay Denver Nuggets * 227's eBay Charlotte Bobcats * 227's eBay Chicago Bulls *  227's eBay Golden State Warriors * 227's eBay Houston Rockets * 227's eBay Indiana Pacers * 227's eBay Los Angeles Lakers *  227's eBay Los Angeles Clippers *  227's eBay Memphis Grizzlies * 227's eBay Miami Heat * 227's eBay Milwaukee Bucks  * 227's eBay Minnesota Timberwolves * 227's eBay New Jersey Nets *  227's eBay New Orleans Hornets * 227's eBay New York Knicks * 227's eBay Portland Trail Blazers * 227's eBay Orlando Magic *  227's eBay Philadelphia 76ers * 227's eBay Phoenix Suns   * 227's eBay Sacramento Kings * 227's eBay San Antonio Spurs * 227's eBay Oklahoma City Thunder * 227's eBay Toronto Raptors * 227's eBay Utah Jazz * 227's eBay Washington Wizards

227's "JORDAN"-Cologne! * 227's "JORDAN"-Catalog!
227's YouTube-NBA
uTube Basketball California * YouTube Basketball New York * u Tube Basketball Texas * YouTube Basketball Michigan * YouTube Basketball Florida

227's Basketball Topixxx! Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website & home of 227's uTuBe Chili, featuring the world's most watched YouTube music videos!

NBDL (NBA Developement League)

? 227's YouTube "Chili" features these exciting YouTube music and entertainment celebrities...click onto to these 227 YouTube "Chili" links, channels and articles for the most watched YouTube hip-hop music videos in the world!

Mariah Carey Kardinall Offishall Madonna Whitney Houston Alvin & The Chipmunks
Chris Brown Michael Jackson 50 Cent Britney Spears Jerry Springer (Midget Fight)!
P-Diddy Elvis Presley Miley Cyrus Lil' Wayne Country Music Television (CMT)
Katy Perry NE-YO Coldplay Janet Jackson Alicia Keys Rihanna Madonna Akon Britain's Got Talent (BGT) 227's YouTube "Chili"
Rihanna Jonas Brothers Lloyd American Idol Nas (formerly Nasty Nas)
Beyonce Chris Brown Ellen DeGeneres Christina Aguilera Lady Gaga "Just Dance"
Rock-n-Roll Ice Cube Oprah Winfery Jordin Sparks Charlie The Unicorn
M.I.A. Harry Potter VH-1 Whitney Houston Spongebob
Will Smith Flo Rida Three 6 Mafia Leona Lewis Second Hand Serenade Metallica
Natasha Bedingfield   Taylor Swift   Keshia Cole   Sugarland   Avril Lavign         ICE CUBE

Sean Kingston, Justin Timberlake, M.I.A'"Paper Planes!" , Timbaland, 50 Cent, P-Diddy, Kanye West. Rihanna, Chris Brown, T.I.-"Big Things Poppin!" , Rihanna- Hate That I Love You (over 29 million views on YouTube)!, Leona Lewis, Soulja Boy, Britney Spears, Alicia Keys, Avril Lavigne, Alicia Keys- No One, Akon, NE-YO, LL Cool J, Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Dmx, Jay-z, The Notorious B.I.G, 2PAC, Will Smith, Jonas Brothers, Pink "So What!" , Jordin Sparks feta. Chris Brown- "No Air" Official Music Video-over 33 million views on YouTube!), Lil Jon- get low music movie, Ludacris, Ice Cube, Flo Rida feat. T.Pain Music from the Movie Step Up 2 "Low," Chris Brown*Chris Brown feat. T.Pain- Kiss Kiss (over 51 million views on YouTube)!, Chris Brown-"With You," Chris Brown feat. Lil' Wayne (over 56 million views on YouTube!, Chris Brown "YO," Chris Brown-Run It, Chris Brown- Forever, Wu Tang Clan, The Fugees, Jordin Sparks-Tattoo, Rhianna- Cry, Rihanna- unfaithful, Rhianna- Umbrella (over 43 million views on YouTube/You Tube)!, Ashanti, Fergie Fergalicious, Fergie- Clumsy!, Rhianna- Dont' Stop The Music (over 62 million views on YouTube), Avril Lavign- Girlfriend (over 92 million views on YouTube)!, Clay Aiken, Akon, Christina Aguilera-Hurt, Clay Aiken-On My Way Here, All-American Rejects, All-American Rejects-Move Along, All-American Rejects-It Ends Tonight, Ashley Parker Angel, Michael Jackson ("Thriller"), Backstreet Boys, Augustana, Natasha Bedingfeild, Michael Jackson, Natasha Bedingfield feat. Sean Kingston-Love Like This, Natasha Bedingfield-Pocketful of Sunshine and lots more at 227's YouTube Chili!!! Your source for the world's most watched YouTube Music Videos at Jamaal Al-Din's Hoops 227- the everything basketball website!

Also: Jesse McCartney, Ray J, Usher, Elliott Yamin, Jonas Brothers, Fergie, Taylor Swift, Nelly Furtado, Jennifer Lopez, Flyleaf, Maroon 5, Kanye West, Keyshia Cole, The Pussycat Dolls, Colby O'Donis, Ashanti, R. Kelly, Girlicious, Colbi Calliat, Boy George, Mario, Three Days Grace, Beyonce', Gorillaz, Carrie Underwood, 3 Doors Down, Finger Eleven, Ginuwine, Baby Bash, Kid Rock, Joe, Gwen Steffani, Billy Ray Cyrus, Danity Kane, Janel Parrish, Ciara, NLT, Fall Out Boy, Josh Turner, Fantasia and more!

227's YouTube "Chili"-N' Sync! "Bye Bye Bye," "Pop," "It's Gonna Be Me," "Gone," "I Want You Back!" http://www.hoops227.atomicshops.com/youtube_nsync_bye_bye_girlfriend_pop_gone_promise.html